scholarly journals Non-Routine Therapies for the Treatment of Branched Retinal Vein Occlusion and Macular Edema

2019 ◽  
pp. 120-128
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Emerging Therapies ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factors

Retinal vein occlusion is the second most common retinal vascular disorder after diabetic retinopathy and is considered to be an important cause of visual loss. There are several treatment modalities for branch retinal vein occlusion and specifically for its complications, such as macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal neovascularization, and retinal detachment. These treatment modalities are anti-aggregative therapy and fibrinolysis, isovolemic hemodilution, vitrectomy with or without sheathotomy, peripheral scatter and macular grid retinal laser therapy, non-steroid agents, intravitreal steroids ( triamcinolone, and dexamethasone implants), and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGFs) (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept). In this review, the treatment modalities other than routinely performed anti-VEGF, steroid, and laser therapy in macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion and emerging therapies will be overviewed.

scholarly journals Bevacizumab Treatment and Treatment Regimes in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion and Macular Edema

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-103
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Steroid Injections ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Bevacizumab Treatment ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusions

Macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusions is a significant complication affecting the vision. Medical treatment of retinal vein occlusions first started with intraocular steroid injections and then enriched with intraocular Anti-VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) injections. But till now the length and frequency of therapy have not been defined clearly. In this review, the use of bevacizumab in the treatment of branch retinal vein occlusion and macular edema will be summarized in light of the current literature.

A Comparison of Three Different Intravitreal Treatment Modalities of Macular Edema Due to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 925-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Çekiç ◽  
Mehmet Çakır ◽  
Ahmet Taylan Yazıcı ◽  
Neşe Alagöz ◽  
Ercüment Bozkurt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Intravitreal Treatment

Laser Applications in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion and Macular Edema

2019 ◽  
pp. 112-119
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Laser Applications ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Major Branch

Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) includes occlusion of major branch retinal vein, macular branch vein, and peripheral branch vein. BRVO is the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy. Macular edema is the leading cause of visual loss related to BRVO. Although there are many treatment options, effective treatment applications are limited. Laser therapy is one of these applications; that is used both in the development of neovascularization and in the presence of macular edema. Grid laser therapy doesn’t take place as much as the former in the primary treatment of macular edema; that still continues efficiency in combined treatment and selected cases.

Intraocular Injections of Ranibizumab in Patients with Macular Edema Following Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Alan D. Penman ◽  
Kimberly W. Crowder ◽  
William M. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
First Line Treatment

The Ranibizumab for Macular Edema following Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRAVO) study was a 6-month, phase III, randomized, injection-controlled trial, with an additional 6 months of follow-up (total 12 months), to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intraocular injections of 0.3 mg and 0.5 mg ranibizumab (an anti–vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] agent) in patients with macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). The study showed that intraocular injections of 0.3 mg or 0.5 mg ranibizumab provided rapid, effective treatment for macular edema following BRVO with low rates of ocular and nonocular adverse events. This study led to a paradigm shift toward anti-VEGF agents as the first-line treatment for macular edema secondary to BRVO.

Change of cytokines after intravitreal ranibizumab in patients with recurrent branch retinal vein occlusion and macular edema

2019 ◽  
pp. 112067211988505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetaka Noma ◽  
Kanako Yasuda ◽  
Masahiko Shimura
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Intravitreal Ranibizumab ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Purpose: To investigate the relations of vascular endothelial growth factor, growth factors, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, and inflammatory factors to recurrence of macular edema after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion. Methods: This study retrospectively investigated 17 patients with branch retinal vein occlusion who received intravitreal ranibizumab injection three times within 6 months for recurrent macular edema. Aqueous humor samples were obtained from these patients at every recurrence. Levels of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-AA, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-12(p70), and interleukin-13 were measured by the suspension array method. Aqueous flare values were measured with a laser flare meter and central macular thickness was determined by optical coherence tomography. Results: Mean best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness improved significantly over time after intravitreal ranibizumab injection, but the aqueous flare value at recurrence after intravitreal ranibizumab injection showed no significant change compared with baseline. Aqueous humor levels of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-AA, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin-8 decreased significantly over time after intravitreal ranibizumab injection. However, there were no significant changes of the other five factors/cytokines (placental growth factor, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-12, and interleukin-13) at recurrence after intravitreal ranibizumab injection compared with baseline. Conclusion: These findings suggest that persistent inflammation may influence the recurrence of macular edema in branch retinal vein occlusion patients, and that adding steroid therapy might be an effective strategy for preventing recurrence.

scholarly journals Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection and Treatment Regimens in Macular Edema due to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
Intravitreal Aflibercept ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is the most common form of retinal vein occlusions (RVO), which is the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy. The most common cause of visual loss in BRVO is macular edema. Since the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected in the pathogenesis of macular edema due to BRVO, studies have been made with available anti-VEGF agents and different treatment regimens. Those treatment regimens can be listed as; monthly / bi-monthly fixed interval, as needed (Pro Re Nata; PRN), treat and extend (T&E). Aflibercept acts as a decoy receptor that binds to VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factor. There are publications indicating that this agent binds VEGF with a higher affinity than other anti-VEGF agents and thus provides a longer treatment efficacy. This review summarizes the studies about the use of aflibercept in different regimens for the treatment of macular edema due to BRVO.

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