scholarly journals Dissection and Culture of Chick Statoacoustic Ganglion and Spinal Cord Explants in Collagen Gels for Neurite Outgrowth Assays

10.3791/3600 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen N. Fantetti ◽  
Donna M. Fekete
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Collagen Gels ◽  
Statoacoustic Ganglion

scholarly journals EphA4 Obstructs Spinal Cord Neuron Regeneration by Promoting Excessive Activation of Astrocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaogang Chen ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Fu Hua ◽  
Yu Zhuang ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Axon Regeneration ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Cord Injury

AbstractStudies have found that molecular targets that regulate tissue development are also involved in regulating tissue regeneration. Erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte A4 (EphA4) not only plays a guiding role in neurite outgrowth during the development of the central nervous system (CNS) but also induces injured axon retraction and inhibits axon regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI). EphA4 targets several ephrin ligands (including ephrin-A and ephrin-B) and is involved in cortical cell migration, axon guidance, synapse formation and astrocyte function. However, how EphA4 affects axon regeneration after SCI remains unclear. This study focuses on the effect and mechanism of EphA4-regulated astrocyte function in neuronal regeneration after SCI. Our research found that EphA4 expression increased significantly after SCI and peaked at 3 days post-injury; accordingly, we identified the cellular localization of EphA4 and ephrin-B ligands in neurons and astrocytes after SCI. EphA4 was mainly expressed on the surface of neurons, ephrin-B1 and ephrin-B3 were mainly localized on astrocytes, and ephrin-B2 was distributed on both neurons and astrocytes. To further elucidate the effect of EphA4 on astrocyte function after SCI, we detected the related cytokines secreted by astrocytes in vivo. We found that the levels of neurotrophic factors including nerve growth factor (NGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) increased significantly after SCI (NGF peaked at 3 days and bFGF peaked at 7 days); the expression of laminin and fibronectin increased gradually after SCI; the expression of inflammatory factors [interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6] increased significantly from 4 h to 7 days after SCI; and the levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of astrocyte activation, and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG), the main component of glial scars, both peaked at 7 days after SCI. Using a damaged astrocyte model in vitro, we similarly found that the levels of related cytokines increased after injury. Consequently, we observed the effect of damaged astrocytes on neurite outgrowth and regeneration, and the results showed that damaged astrocytes hindered neurite outgrowth and regeneration; however, the inhibitory effect of injured astrocytes on neurite regeneration was reduced following ephrin-B receptor knockdown or inflammatory inhibition at 24 h after astrocyte injury. Our results showed that EphA4 regulates the secretion of neurotrophic factors, adhesion molecules, inflammatory factors and glial scar formation by binding with the ligand ephrin-B located on the surface of astrocytes. EphA4 affects neurite outgrowth and regeneration after SCI by regulating astrocyte function.

Muscle-conditioned media and cAMP promote survival and neurite outgrowth of adult spinal cord motor neurons

2009 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose V. Montoya G. ◽  
Jhon Jairo Sutachan ◽  
Wai Si Chan ◽  
Alexandra Sideris ◽  
Thomas J.J. Blanck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Conditioned Media ◽  
Adult Spinal Cord

Changes in permissivity for neuronal attachment and neurite outgrowth of spinal cord grey and white matters during development: a study with the ‘cryoculture’ bioassay

1991 ◽  
Vol 543 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Sagot ◽  
Jean-Paul Swerts ◽  
Philippe Cochard
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth

scholarly journals Docosahexaenoic Acid-Loaded Polylactic Acid Core-Shell Nanofiber Membranes for Regenerative Medicine after Spinal Cord Injury: In Vitro and In Vivo Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7031
Author(s):  
Zhuo-Hao Liu ◽  
Yin-Cheng Huang ◽  
Chang-Yi Kuo ◽  
Chao-Ying Kuo ◽  
Chieh-Yu Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with disability and a drastic decrease in quality of life for affected individuals. Previous studies support the idea that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-based pharmacological approach is a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of acute SCI. We postulated that a nanostructured material for controlled delivery of DHA at the lesion site may be well suited for this purpose. Toward this end, we prepare drug-loaded fibrous mats made of core-shell nanofibers by electrospinning, which contained a polylactic acid (PLA) shell for encapsulation of DHA within the core, for delivery of DHA in situ. In vitro study confirmed sustained DHA release from PLA/DHA core-shell nanofiber membrane (CSNM) for up to 36 days, which could significantly increase neurite outgrowth from primary cortical neurons in 3 days. This is supported by the upregulation of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) neural marker genes from qRT-PCR analysis. Most importantly, the sustained release of DHA could significantly increase the neurite outgrowth length from cortical neuron cells in 7 days when co-cultured with PLA/DHA CSNM, compared with cells cultured with 3 μM DHA. From in vivo study with a SCI model created in rats, implantation of PLA/DHA CSNM could significantly improve neurological functions revealed by behavior assessment in comparison with the control (no treatment) and the PLA CSNM groups. According to histological analysis, PLA/DHA CSNM also effectively reduced neuron loss and increased serotonergic nerve sprouting. Taken together, the PLA/DHA CSNM may provide a nanostructured drug delivery system for DHA and contribute to neuroprotection and promoting neuroplasticity change following SCI.

Influence of cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogels on neurite outgrowth and recovery from spinal cord injury

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Horn ◽  
Michael Beaumont ◽  
Xiao Zheng Shu ◽  
Adrian Harvey ◽  
Glenn D. Prestwich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Neurite Growth ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Bioactive Materials ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Cord Injury

Object Therapies that use bioactive materials as replacement extracellular matrices may hold the potential to mitigate the inhibition of regeneration observed after central nervous system trauma. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan ubiquitous in all tissues, was investigated as a potential neural tissue engineering matrix. Methods Chick dorsal root ganglia were cultured in 3D hydrogel matrices composed of cross-linked thiol-modified HA or fibrin. Samples were cultured and images were acquired at 48-, 60-, and 192-hour time points. Images of all samples were analyzed at 48 hours of incubation to quantify the extent of neurite growth. Cultures in cross-linked thiolated HA exhibited more than a 50% increase in neurite length compared with fibrin samples. Furthermore, cross-linked thiolated HA supported neurites for the entire duration of the culture period, whereas fibrin cultures exhibited collapsed and degenerating extensions beyond 60 hours. Two concentrations of the thiolated HA (0.5 and 1%) were then placed at the site of a complete thoracic spinal cord transection in rats. The ability of the polymer to promote regeneration was tested using motor evoked potentials, retrograde axonal labeling, and behavioral assessments. There were no differences in any of the parameters between rats treated with the polymer and controls. Conclusions The use of a cross-linked HA scaffold promoted robust neurite outgrowth. Although there was no benefit from the polymer in a rodent spinal cord injury model, the findings in this study represent an early step in the development of semisynthetic extracellular matrice scaffolds for the treatment of neuronal injury.

cGMP promotes neurite outgrowth and growth cone turning and improves axon regeneration on spinal cord tissue in combination with cAMP

2009 ◽  
Vol 1294 ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Murray ◽  
Andrew G. Peace ◽  
Derryck A. Shewan
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Growth Cone ◽  
Axon Regeneration ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue
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