scholarly journals New Analysis Tools and Leadership Model for A Modern UN

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Bienz ◽  
Spyros Schismenos ◽  
Garry Stevens ◽  
Nichole Georgeou
Keyword(s):  
Network Effects ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Analysis Tools ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Winner Takes All ◽  
The Way

Digitalization has disrupted the way products are distributed. With this came an influx of products that depend on network effects and thrive in a winner-takes-all market environment (Schilling 2002). A similar trend is being observed in many frontier technologies, including applications in the so-called ‘gig economy’, which will create winners and losers. Simultaneously, governments are experiencing an erosion of their tax base (Peng 2016). These resources are desperately needed to tackle the widening digital divide, combatting the lack of electricity, and providing internet access to the poorest (International Energy Agency 2017). The current strategy of the United Nations (UN) shows promise. However, the way the UN currently operates has not been adapted to meet the challenges of a digital economy. This is often observed in global-to-local applications, especially when generalized frameworks fail to adapt to communities with different characteristics and needs. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a guiding light to rally stakeholders around specific key issues and opens the field for collaboration. The UN is in a unique position to convince all participants to engage in negotiations, to mobilize substantial resources, and has the best chance to get concessions on restrictive systems such as the intellectual property arrangements (Haugen 2010). Systems need to be in place to facilitate technology transfers and capacities need to be built up to give the least developed countries (LDCs) a chance of catching up. The UN needs to bring international institutions, governments, civil society, academia, and the private sector to the table to enable LDCs to determine their own future (Moyo 2010). The UN should introduce more heuristic analysis tools to bring more diverse partners into workable collaborations to address these challenges. A new leadership system should also be introduced to provide clearer direction and autonomy to their contributors.

scholarly journals Use of Digital Technology among Adolescents Attending Schools in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8937
Author(s):  
Geir Gunnlaugsson ◽  
Thomas Andrew Whitehead ◽  
Fatou N’dure Baboudóttir ◽  
Aladje Baldé ◽  
Zeca Jandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Guinea Bissau

Digital technology plays an important role in achieving many of the Sustainable Development Goals. However, access is uneven, with 80% of those in high-income countries being online compared to 20% of those in the 47 least developed countries. This study aimed to describe and analyse adolescents’ access to and usage of digital technology in Guinea-Bissau and its implications. In June 2017, a survey with a locally adapted Planet Youth questionnaire was implemented in the capital, Bissau, whereby classes in 16 secondary schools were surveyed on a variety of issues. In total, 2039 randomly selected students participated; the survey included ten questions specifically on the access to and use of digital technology. Half of the respondents had access to desktop/laptops, and one-third used mobile internet daily; about two-thirds had an experience of social media. Explanatory variables included educational institution, parental education, economic situation, and gender. Furthermore, students’ experience of social media was significantly linked to bullying, anxiety, depression, smoking and alcohol consumption. Many adolescents in Bissau have no experience of using digital technology, including for schoolwork. Access improvements are necessary so that young Bissau-Guineans are not to be left behind in developing their capabilities and can benefit from proficiency in the use of digital technologies. At the same time, potential harmful usage of the media requires the implementation of preventive measures.

Migration, Diasporas, Remittances and the Sustainable Development Goals in Least Developed Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Nurse
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Money Transfer ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Contemporary Development ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Migration, diasporas and the growth of remittances are key contemporary development trends which impact directly the lives of one in seven persons and often some of the most vulnerable and as such are critical to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda of “leaving no one behind”. Migration is captured in four Goals and five Targets in the SDGs however it is argued that the developmental potential of migration for LDCs is an underexploited asset. The paper offers critical perspectives on the SDGs targets by analysing the impact of remittances (including South-South remittances) and other financial investments such as diaspora savings and bonds. The analysis then focusses on financial innovation through the growth of money transfer organizations in LDCs (i.e. Haiti, Tonga and Bangladesh) and the rise of mobile money. The impact of these trends on financial inclusion and the banking of unbanked populations is then considered. The paper concludes with some key recommendations and insights.

scholarly journals International Intellectual Property Agreements as Agents of Sustainable Development of Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Bethel Uzoma Ihugba ◽  
Ikenna Stanley Onyesi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Status

The paper examines the implication of International Intellectual Property (ip) laws and agreements on the sustainable development of Least Developed Countries (ldcs) and Developed Countries (dcs) and suggests approaches for improving the development and wellbeing of people in the developing world through national ip laws. The paper argues that generally international ip agreements may appear biased against developing countries and most dcs are reluctant to challenge the status quo and/or use the flexibilities of the international ip agreement to promote the wellbeing of their citizens. However, the article finds that ldcs and dcs could change this trend through the creative use of national ip laws and international agreements to promote the sustainable development of ldcs and dcs. The major instrument suggested for this shift in approach is the establishment of national ip administration institutions and the positive use of compulsory licences.

SWOT Analysis on Chinese Photovoltaic Industry

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Chi Ma ◽  
Jue Ying Zhang ◽  
Ying De Hu ◽  
Chen Xuan Dong
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
International Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Product Demand ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Way

The photovoltaic (PV) industry in China has been developed at a remarkable speed, being supported by the governments and the PV product demand from the international market especially in the developed countries. However, the PV industry in China, now, is coped with a severe challenge due to the several causes. The analysis in the way of SWOT was conducted to figure out the appropriate strategies not only for photovoltaic industry survival but also for the sustainable development.

scholarly journals Performances of the Least Developed Countries under Neo-liberal Regimes: Implications for the implementation of Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Melake Tewolde
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Neoliberal Policies

<p><em>The Least Developed Countries (LDCs) have implemented neoliberal policies such as trade liberalization, privatization of public enterprises, and currency devaluation with the expectation to promote their economic growth and development by capturing the gains from international trade through a more efficient allocation of resources and increased private investment. Twenty one countries (constituting 44%) have been designated LDCs since 1971, the introduction of the category for the first time by the United Nations (UN). Development experiences of the LDCs indicate that neoliberal policies are not adequately addressing their development challenges. The LDCs  are still locked into a low equilibrium trap characterized by fragile economic growths, distorted  structural transformation,  low domestic resource, high dependence on external financing , high dependence on primary commodity exports, high external debt burden  and debt services  and  low human development. The LDCs must thus shift to a developmental state approach to strategically integrate into the world economy and to build their productive capacities and to enhance their structural transformation which could lead the countries along the path of sustained economic growth to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030.</em><em> </em></p><p><em>The implications for the implementation of Agenda 2030 for sustainable development are that: </em></p><p><em>(i) The LDCs have  to extensively tap their domestic savings potentials and investments to reach 25% or more of their Gross Domestic Product(GDP) to  sustain 7% -8% growth rates per annum that will have a great impact on  poverty reduction in line with the  sustainable development goal 1 (SDG1) . (ii) The LDCs have to select a few SDGs which are of high national priorities and  synchronize them  with their respective national development plans  and determine  the financing needs for the implementation  of the selected SDGs. (iii)  cancellation of external debt of the LDCs  by the creditors in order to release resources needed for their  investments to achieve the SDGs (iv) replacement of foreign aid  by market access for  the LDCs products to  increase their foreign exchange earnings needed for  building their  productive capacities. (v) Maintaining peace and stability and resolving conflicts to release resources needed for their productive investment.<br /></em></p>

A journey from Rio to Paris via Kyoto to facilitate technology transfer to the LDCs under the UNFCCC

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monirul Azam
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Nationally Determined Contributions ◽  
Reporting Mechanism

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate to what extent the Paris Agreement and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have supported (or could support) the least developed countries (LDCs) particularly for accessing the climate technologies and thereby to meet the objectives of the Paris Agreement. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted legal dogmatism to evaluate the gradual development of technology transfer issues to support the LDCs under the international climate regime. Findings This study suggested a few potential measures to facilitate meaningful technology transfer to LDCs – such as clarifying and linking the role of the technology and financial mechanism, a more robust role of capacity building, using the sustainable development mechanism with a technology transfer focus, improving the transparency and reporting mechanism to particularly indicate support regarding technology transfer requested and received by the LDCs linking it with the nationally determined contributions, and adapting a pragmatic approach to intellectual property. Originality/value This study is an original contribution as it identified concern over technology transfer under the UNFCCC since 1992 with a focus on the LDCs and indicated required actions that need to be taken to support the LDCs in the context of climate-related technology transfer and beyond.

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