Performances of the Least Developed Countries under Neo-liberal Regimes: Implications for the implementation of Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development

The Least Developed Countries (LDCs) have implemented neoliberal policies such as trade liberalization, privatization of public enterprises, and currency devaluation with the expectation to promote their economic growth and development by capturing the gains from international trade through a more efficient allocation of resources and increased private investment. Twenty one countries (constituting 44%) have been designated LDCs since 1971, the introduction of the category for the first time by the United Nations (UN). Development experiences of the LDCs indicate that neoliberal policies are not adequately addressing their development challenges. The LDCs are still locked into a low equilibrium trap characterized by fragile economic growths, distorted structural transformation, low domestic resource, high dependence on external financing , high dependence on primary commodity exports, high external debt burden and debt services and low human development. The LDCs must thus shift to a developmental state approach to strategically integrate into the world economy and to build their productive capacities and to enhance their structural transformation which could lead the countries along the path of sustained economic growth to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. The implications for the implementation of Agenda 2030 for sustainable development are that: (i) The LDCs have to extensively tap their domestic savings potentials and investments to reach 25% or more of their Gross Domestic Product(GDP) to sustain 7% -8% growth rates per annum that will have a great impact on poverty reduction in line with the sustainable development goal 1 (SDG1) . (ii) The LDCs have to select a few SDGs which are of high national priorities and synchronize them with their respective national development plans and determine the financing needs for the implementation of the selected SDGs. (iii) cancellation of external debt of the LDCs by the creditors in order to release resources needed for their investments to achieve the SDGs (iv) replacement of foreign aid by market access for the LDCs products to increase their foreign exchange earnings needed for building their productive capacities. (v) Maintaining peace and stability and resolving conflicts to release resources needed for their productive investment.

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Migration, Diasporas, Remittances and the Sustainable Development Goals in Least Developed Countries

Journal of Globalization and Development ◽

10.1515/jgd-2019-0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Keith Nurse

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Sustainable Development Goals ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Least Developed Countries ◽

Developmental Potential ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Money Transfer ◽

Development Goals ◽

Contemporary Development ◽

The Impact

Abstract Migration, diasporas and the growth of remittances are key contemporary development trends which impact directly the lives of one in seven persons and often some of the most vulnerable and as such are critical to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda of “leaving no one behind”. Migration is captured in four Goals and five Targets in the SDGs however it is argued that the developmental potential of migration for LDCs is an underexploited asset. The paper offers critical perspectives on the SDGs targets by analysing the impact of remittances (including South-South remittances) and other financial investments such as diaspora savings and bonds. The analysis then focusses on financial innovation through the growth of money transfer organizations in LDCs (i.e. Haiti, Tonga and Bangladesh) and the rise of mobile money. The impact of these trends on financial inclusion and the banking of unbanked populations is then considered. The paper concludes with some key recommendations and insights.

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International Intellectual Property Agreements as Agents of Sustainable Development of Developing Countries

African Journal of Legal Studies ◽

10.1163/17087384-12342069 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Bethel Uzoma Ihugba ◽

Ikenna Stanley Onyesi

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Intellectual Property ◽

Developing World ◽

Developed Countries ◽

International Agreements ◽

Status Quo ◽

Least Developed Countries ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

The Status

The paper examines the implication of International Intellectual Property (ip) laws and agreements on the sustainable development of Least Developed Countries (ldcs) and Developed Countries (dcs) and suggests approaches for improving the development and wellbeing of people in the developing world through national ip laws. The paper argues that generally international ip agreements may appear biased against developing countries and most dcs are reluctant to challenge the status quo and/or use the flexibilities of the international ip agreement to promote the wellbeing of their citizens. However, the article finds that ldcs and dcs could change this trend through the creative use of national ip laws and international agreements to promote the sustainable development of ldcs and dcs. The major instrument suggested for this shift in approach is the establishment of national ip administration institutions and the positive use of compulsory licences.

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Comparison of Indicators for Identification of Least Developed Countries and for Measuring Progress Towards the Sustainable Development Goals

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3299967 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Namsuk Kim

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Sustainable Development Goals ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Least Developed Countries ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Development Goals

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«GREEN» TECHNOLOGIES AS A FACTOR IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

Научные труды Вольного экономического общества России ◽

10.38197/2072-2060-2021-230-4-423-430 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 230 (4) ◽

pp. 423-430

Author(s):

E.I. MANTAEVA ◽

◽

V.S. GOLDENOVA ◽

I.V. SLOBODCHIKOVA ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Sustainable Development ◽

National Economy ◽

Geothermal Energy ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Green Energy ◽

Green Technologies ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

The Right

Since the late 1980s there has been a global rethinking of the human impact on the environment. This led to the emergence of various theories emphasizing environmental stewardship while maintaining a sustainable rate of economic growth. These theories are called the concept of sustainable development. The ecological component of sustainable development emphasizes a frugal attitude to the ecosystem, «green» technologies as the basis for innovative growth and protection of the right of future generations to the quality of the environment. Most developed countries already emphasize the development of such "green" technologies as hydropower, wind power, solar and bioenergy, and geothermal energy. Due to the growing demand of countries for energy resources, it is the development of "green" energy that can become a key point of economic growth of the national economy without harming the environment.

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Case Studies on Applying Knowledge Economy Principles for Economic Growth in Developing Nations

10.4018/978-1-7998-8417-0.ch007 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 91-107

Author(s):

David E. Pines ◽

Natalia Bernal Restrepo

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Case Studies ◽

Learning Experience ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Developing Nations ◽

Least Developed Countries ◽

Robust Learning ◽

Agenda 2030 ◽

The People ◽

Full Participation

The authors demonstrate through specific case studies, representative of Civil Society in Least Developed Countries (LDCs), how user-acquired knowledge has the potential to impact both economic growth and economic development. In the interconnected, interdependent 21st century world of full participation as envisioned in UN Agenda 2030, it is essential to equip the people of developing nations with the tools to participate, grow, and develop themselves. This chapter both illustrates the importance of education and lifelong learning as well as highlighting the potential of a robust learning experience platform in geographies in which issues of infrastructure, connectivity, and access are some of the greatest challenges to overcome.

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Global Action on SDGs: Policy Review and Outlook in a Post-Pandemic Era

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13116461 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 6461

Author(s):

Yi Cheng ◽

Haimeng Liu ◽

Shaobin Wang ◽

Xuegang Cui ◽

Qirui Li

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

National Development ◽

Well Being ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Green Economy ◽

Least Developed Countries ◽

Policy Action ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

The North ◽

Global Action

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provided brand new goals and action targets for human well-being and development, but the COVID-19 pandemic has cast a shadow on the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is therefore essential to provide a reference for making policy adjustments and transformations to promote the realization of SDGs in the post-pandemic era. Based on a literature review of the progress and policies of SDGs across countries worldwide, we find that research on sustainable policies has rapidly increased since the SDGs issued in 2015 with particular focuses on eco-environment, sustainable policies, green economy, sanitation and health, and water sanitation. Most countries are in the process of nationalization, institutionalization, and universalization of the SDGs through incorporating the SDGs into national development frameworks, enabling extensive participation and negotiation mechanisms, and promoting the SDGs’ national publicity. Countries of different economic and institutional backgrounds demonstrate divergent development pathways, priorities, measures, and progress in the implementation of SDGs. Despite significant global progress during the last five years, the North–South divide emerges in the policy action and achievement of SDGs. The least developed countries in sub-Sahara Africa and South Asia appear to be difficult or even unable to implement the SDGs and monitor the progress. In the post-pandemic era, particular attention shall be given to integrating SDGs and achieve synergy among goals, concretizing short-and medium-term priorities toward the SDGs targets for all countries, strengthening multilateralism and global cooperation among countries and continents, providing reliable data and approaches for real-time impact assessment and process monitoring, and promoting an inclusive engagement and integrative implementation with multiple stakeholders and consortiums.

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أحكام المشاركة الشعبية ودورها في درء مخاطر الكوارث

Omdurman Islamic University Journal ◽

10.52981/oiuj.v13i1.1638 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 269-293

Author(s):

د. خالد محمد مصطفى

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Risk Management ◽

Community Participation ◽

Local Community ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Remedial Measures ◽

Least Developed Countries ◽

Popular Participation ◽

The Sustainable Development

This paper addresses the popular participation strategy and its role in the effectiveness of disasters risk management, with an emphasis towards strengthening the sustainable development opportunities, remedial measures of threads in least Developed Countries taking Sudan as a case study, which suffer from acute vulnerability despite its huge resources and comparative advantage.Thus the local community participation is important to achieve integration between formal and informal efforts. The study also sheds light on the tools of popular participation experienced in Sudan, characteristics, challenges, objectives, inputs, operations, outputs, and results, accompanied with methods of measuring and evaluation within the context of the state national strategic planning. The study also reveals the expected merits from adopting the grass rooted development (Bottom Top Approach) in the different stages of disaster management.

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BRICS and Partnerships for Sustainable Development: Prospects for Trade with Least Developed Countries

International Organisations Research Journal ◽

10.17323/1996-7845-2021-01-04 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 85-106

Author(s):

Alexandra Morozkina ◽

◽

Valentina Skryabina ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Solomon Islands ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Least Developed Countries ◽

Sharp Drop ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Intensity Index ◽

Mutual Trade ◽

Current Implementation ◽

Republic Of The Congo

The informal BRICS group (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) is actively working to solve the most acute global problems. This is why opportunities for implementing the sustainable development goals (SDGs) at BRICS summits is a topic for urgent research. This article discusses the prospects for achieving SDG 17.11 by the least developed countries (LDCs) in the framework of mutual trade with BRICS. SDG 17.11, unlike other goals, was expected to be achieved in 2020, but World Trade Organization (WTO) estimates for 2018 showed that progress was too slow. Against the sharp drop in international trade in 2020 due to economic shutdowns, the implementation of this goal is especially high on the agenda. This article describes the current implementation of the SDG by BRICS. A general analysis of mutual trade between LDCs and BRICS shows the low involvement of least developed countries in trade with BRICS. The methodology for the study involves computations of two trade indices and the identification of new clusters of LDCs. The export propensity index and trade intensity index are calculated in order to identify the countries with the most promise to increase exports to BRICS. The authors selected 13 LDCs with prospects for trade development with BRICS—Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, Bangladesh, Guinea, Mauritania, Nepal, Tanzania, Zambia, Bhutan, Lesotho, Malawi and Solomon Islands. Among 34 other LDCs, the authors identify five clusters based on their economic structure, including the role played in their economies by official development assistance (ODA) and personal remittances. Clustering allows BRICS to provide targeted support to LDCs in order to increase their export potential through the most effective mechanisms for each economy.

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SOME ASPECTS OF TRANSITION TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS IN MESO- AND MACRO-LEVELS

VESTNIK OF ASTRAKHAN STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY SERIES ECONOMICS ◽

10.24143/2073-5537-2018-1-7-17 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 7-17

Author(s):

Bela Saidovna Bataeva ◽

Inna Vladimirovna Avadaeva ◽

Victoria Sergeevna Goldenova ◽

Elza Ivanovna Mantaeva

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Sustainable Development ◽

Private Investment ◽

Ecological Crisis ◽

Green Economy ◽

Green Technologies ◽

Russian Scientist ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Club Of Rome ◽

Growth Energy

Against the backdrop of the growing influence of economic processes on the environment, the trend of the reverse effect of ecology on the economic activity is becoming more and more evident. The so-called concept of sustainable development has become one of the most important factors in modernizing the national economy. The emergence of the concept was preceded by the efforts of a group of scientists called the Club of Rome, whose work influenced the world community in understanding the dangers of the ecological crisis. Modern scientists consider the work of the Russian scientist V. I. Vernadsky on the biosphere and noosphere a worldview platform for sustainable development. The institutional mechanism for ensuring sustainable economic development is understood to mean a set of interrelated elements: institutions, methods, instruments that ensure the link between economic growth and intensive use of materials and energy consumption, and the formation of sustainable "green" economic growth. Energy efficiency, energy production and storage, transport, agriculture, construction, water supply, production and industry are the priority areas for investment in the transition to a "green" economy, according to the estimates of the United National Environment Program. The analysis of Russian practice allows us to state that at present environmental problems are not yet a priority for Russian companies. Partly, this is due to the lack of development of discussion in society and at the political level on environmental issues, to the lack of mastery of "green" technologies and many other reasons. The problem of developing and implementing "green" innovations remains at the level of government rhetoric, without concrete active actions. At the same time, the lack of a state policy in the field of "green" innovations is not the only problem. Private investment is equally important. It is necessary to expand the state presence in the market of "green" technologies, to develop state support for "green" innovative projects with high multiplicative potential, public-private partnership, international cooperation in this field.

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