Human Mobility in Roman Italy, II: The Slave Population

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 64-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Scheidel
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Roman Italy ◽  
Slave Population

In this paper, I seek to delineate the build-up of the Italian slave population. My parametric model revolves around two variables: the probable number of slaves in Roman Italy, and the demographic structure of the servile population. I critique existing estimates of slave totals and propose a new ‘bottom-up’ approach; discuss the probable sex ratio, mortality regime and family structure of the Italian slaves; and advance a new estimate of the overall volume of slave transfers. I argue that the total number of slaves in Roman Italy did not exceed one-and-a-half million, and that this population had been created by the influx of between two and four million slaves during the last two centuries B.C.

The Effects of Polygyny and Domicility on Offspring Sex Ratio in Ghana

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-456
Author(s):  
Adansi Amankwaa
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Offspring Sex Ratio ◽  
Ratio Bias ◽  
Sex Ratio Bias ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article explores how family structure and domicility influences offspring sex ratio bias, specifically living arrangements of husband in polygynous unions. Data from three Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys were used to examine the relationship between family structure and offspring sex ratio at birth, something that previous studies have not been able to do. This study estimate models of sex ratio offspring if the wives live together with husband present and wives live in separate dwellings and are visited by husband in turn. The results suggest that within polygynous marriages there are more male births, especially when husbands reside in the same dwelling as wives, than when husbands reside in separate dwellings from their wives. The analyses show that offspring sex ratio is related to the structure of living arrangement of husbands in polygynous unions. Indeed, the findings suggest that living arrangements and family structure among humans are important factors in predicting offspring sex ratio bias.

The Slave Population of Roman Italy. Speculation and Constraints

Topoi ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Scheidel
Keyword(s):  
Roman Italy ◽  
Slave Population

Human Mobility in Roman Italy, I: the Free Population

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Scheidel
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Second Punic War ◽  
Military Mobilization ◽  
Roman Italy

How did the relentless spread of Roman power change people's lives? From military mobilization, urbanization, slavery, and the nexus between taxation and trade to linguistic and religious change and shifting identities, the most pervasive consequences of empire all had one thing in common: population movements on an unprecedented scale. Yet despite its pivotal role in social and cultural change, the nature of Roman mobility has never been investigated in a systematic fashion. In this study, I develop a comprehensive quantitative model of population transfers within, to, and from Italy, from the late fourth century B.C. to the first century A.D. Owing to the diverse and complex character of these movements, I develop my argument in two steps. The present paper deals with the demographic context, scale, and distribution of the migration of free persons. I argue that the total population of Italy in the early imperial period was of the order of five to six million rather than fourteen to twenty million (Section II); that state-sponsored re-settlement programmes dramatically increased overall levels of mobility on three occasions (during the Italian wars in the late fourth and early third centuries B.C., in the aftermath of the Second Punic War in the early second century B.C., and in the period of constitutional transition from the 80s to the 10s B.C.) (Section III); and that in the last two centuries B.C., colonization programmes and urban growth in Italy required the permanent relocation of approximately two to two-and-a-half million adults (Section IV).

scholarly journals Demographic Structure, Sex Ratio and Growth Rates of Southern Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) on the Spawning Ground

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e96392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica H. Farley ◽  
J. Paige Eveson ◽  
Tim L. O. Davis ◽  
Retno Andamari ◽  
Craig H. Proctor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Spawning Ground ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Southern Bluefin Tuna

Industrial Slavery in Roman Italy

1942 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Linn Westermann
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Domestic Servants ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Farm Life ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Roman Italy ◽  
Industrial Slavery ◽  
Slave Population

From the earliest period the communities of the Latin tribes of central Italy and of the remaining Italiots made use of a few slaves as herdsmen, field hands, and probably as domestic servants to meet the simple demands of their small-farm life. No doubt these slaves were employed also in the household weaving of wearing apparel, in the fabrication of those offensive and defensive weapons needed in the wars with their neighbors, and in the production of the tools required for the still simple operations characteristic of Italian farming of that time. Enslavement appears in the Laws of the Twelve Tables, which can safely be dated about 450 B.C. There is no mention of slaves in the two early treaties between Rome and Carthage, as given by Polybius. Livy tells us very briefly of the imposition of a five per cent tax upon manumissions, which was passed in 357 B.C. if we may trust the statement and accept his dating of it. The picture of early Roman slavery as gained from these few primary data, and from literary sources even less trustworthy, is that of a simple agricultural use of a slave population whose numbers were relatively small. This would hold true down to about 352 B.C.

scholarly journals Mobility functional areas and COVID-19 spread

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Maria Iacus ◽  
Carlos Santamaria ◽  
Francesco Sermi ◽  
Spyridon Spyratos ◽  
Dario Tarchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Mobile Positioning ◽  
Functional Areas

AbstractThis work introduces a new concept of functional areas called Mobility Functional Areas (MFAs), i.e., the geographic zones highly interconnected according to the analysis of mobile positioning data. The MFAs do not coincide necessarily with administrative borders as they are built observing natural human mobility and, therefore, they can be used to inform, in a bottom-up approach, local transportation, spatial planning, health and economic policies. After presenting the methodology behind the MFAs, this study focuses on the link between the COVID-19 pandemic and the MFAs in Austria. It emerges that the MFAs registered an average number of infections statistically larger than the areas in the rest of the country, suggesting the usefulness of the MFAs in the context of targeted re-escalation policy responses to this health crisis. The MFAs dataset is openly available to other scholars for further analyses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document