Influence of Initial Stage at Diagnosis on Length of Time to Develop Brain Metastasis as Initial Disease Recurrence in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. E15
Author(s):  
Soe Maunglay ◽  
William Fulp ◽  
Alberto Chiappori ◽  
George Simon
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Stage At Diagnosis ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Initial Stage

Small cell rectal cancer: a therapeutic challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e244108
Author(s):  
Alex Fitzhugh ◽  
Alison Corr ◽  
Arshi Denton ◽  
Anthony Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Hepatic Metastases ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Stage Disease

A generally well 71-year-old man presented to his general practitioner with altered bowel habit and haematochezia. Colonoscopy revealed a malignant-appearing rectal mass, with histological features of extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSCC) of the rectum. Imaging demonstrated limited stage disease with a threatened circumferential resection margin. He was treated with a modified platinum chemoradiotherapy regimen for small cell lung cancer with an excellent response. Unfortunately, his cardiac function precluded surgery at the time and the patient subsequently developed hepatic metastases with local disease recurrence, and died 15 months following his initial diagnosis. Rectal EPSCC is a rare diagnosis, and this case represented a challenge for the multidisciplinary team given the limited evidence base. Medical therapy reflects extrapolation of small cell lung cancer treatment and the role of surgery is less clearly defined given aggressive and refractory disease is common. Immunotherapy, however, represents an exciting development for metastatic disease.

scholarly journals OTHR-07. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis and Primary Tumor PD-L1 Expression Discordance

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii15-iii16
Author(s):  
Raees Tonse ◽  
Muni Rubens ◽  
Haley Appel ◽  
Martin C Tom ◽  
Matthew D Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Small Cell Lung

Abstract Background Novel immunotherapeutic strategies, such as those targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, are promising in patients with metastatic lung cancer and are often administered when tumors show PD-L1 positivity. The objective of this study was to analyze PD-L1 receptor discordance in tumor cell between the primary tumor and lung cancer brain metastasis (LCBM). Methods A systematic review of series published prior to April 2021 obtained from the Medline database of biopsied or resected LCBM evaluating PD-L1 discordance was performed using PRISMA guidelines. Weighted random effects models were used to calculate pooled estimates. Results Six full-text articles (n=247 patients) with a median of 32 patients in each study (range: 24–73 patients) reported PD-L1 receptor expression analyses of both primary lung tumors and brain metastases. The majority of patients (81%) were smokers, with 67% non-small cell lung cancer and 33% small cell lung cancer. The pooled estimate for overall PD-LI receptor concordance between primary and LCBM was 76% (95% CI: 52%-90). The positivity rate varied when analyzed by various cutoff levels of PD-L1 expression; for <1% expression, it was 41% (95% CI: 22%-62%) for primary vs. 58% (95% CI: 35%-78%) for LCBM; for PD-L1 expression of 1–50%, it was 24% (95% CI: 13%-40%) vs. 19% (95% CI: 10%-33%); and for PD-L1 >50% it was 12% (95% CI: 4%-33%) vs. 21% (95% CI: 14%-29%) (p=0.425). The pooled estimate for overall PD-LI receptor discordance between primary and LCBM was 17% (95% CI: 10%-27%). Meta-regression analysis showed that age, sex, smoking status, and histology were not associated with PD-LI receptor discordance. Conclusions PD-L1 status discordance in tumor cell occurs in approximately 20% of LCBM, with the greatest discordance in the <1% expression category. Awareness of this discordance is important for the selection of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy as well as in the analysis of patterns of failures.

scholarly journals Frequency of Silent Brain Metastasis Before Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Small Cell Lung Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufuk Yilmaz ◽  
Esra Korkmaz Kirakli ◽  
Umit Gurlek ◽  
Yasemin Ozdogan ◽  
Bahri Gumus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cranial Irradiation ◽  
Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung

scholarly journals A Case Report of Cefepime Encephalopathy in Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Brain Metastasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-574
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Yanai ◽  
Kai Kawashima ◽  
Kai Yazaki ◽  
Takeshi Numata ◽  
Kyoko Ota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients

scholarly journals MicroRNA-330-3p promotes brain metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via GRIA3 in non-small cell lung cancer

Aging ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 6734-6761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhua Wei ◽  
Ruiguang Zhang ◽  
Qian Cai ◽  
Xican Gao ◽  
Fan Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition

scholarly journals The structure of blood–tumor barrier and distribution of chemotherapeutic drugs in non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-yun Ye ◽  
Li-xiang Sun ◽  
Xiu-hua Zhong ◽  
Xue-song Chen ◽  
Song Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Metastatic Lesions

Abstract Background Brain metastasis is an important cause of increased mortality in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In brain metastasis, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is frequently impaired, forming blood–tumor barrier (BTB). The efficacy of chemotherapy is usually very poor. However, the characteristics of BTB and the impacts of BTB on chemotherapeutic drug delivery remain unclear. The present study investigated the structure of BTB, as well as the distribution of routine clinical chemotherapeutic drugs in both brain and peripheral tumors. Methods Bioluminescent image was used to monitor the tumor load after intracranial injection of lung cancer Lewis cells in mice. The permeability of BBB and BTB was measured by fluorescent tracers of evans blue and fluorescein sodium. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to analyze structural differences between BBB and BTB. The concentrations of chemotherapeutic drugs (gemcitabine, paclitaxel and pemetrexed) in tissues were assayed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results Brain metastases exhibited increased BTB permeability compared with normal BBB detected by fluorescence tracers. TEM showed abnormal blood vessels, damaged endothelial cells, thick basement membranes, impaired intercellular endothelial tight junctions, as well as increased fenestrae and pinocytotic vesicles in metastatic lesions. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence revealed that astrocytes were distributed surrounded the blood vessels both in normal brain and the tumor border, but no astrocytes were found in the inner metastatic lesions. By LC-MS/MS analysis, gemcitabine showed higher permeability in brain metastases. Conclusions Brain metastases of lung cancer disrupted the structure of BBB, and this disruption was heterogeneous. Chemotherapeutic drugs can cross the BTB of brain metastases of lung cancer but have difficulty crossing the normal BBB. Among the three commonly used chemotherapy drugs, gemcitabine has the highest distribution in brain metastases. The permeability of chemotherapeutic agents is related to their molecular weight and liposolubility.

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