Size and age: intrinsic confounding factors affecting the responses to a water deficit in black spruce seedlings

In a two-cut, alternate strip clearcutting system in upland black spruce, the main factors influencing black spruce regeneration in the first-cut strips were strip width, natural seeding period, amount of receptive seedbed and topographic position. In the three study areas, 80-m strips yielded over 60% stocking and over 7 500 seedlings per hectare with a 4-year natural seeding period. Narrower strips 40 m and 20 m wide showed increasing levels of reproduction. Four years of natural seeding gave better natural regeneration than two years. Seedling density and frequency in quadrats were correlated with the amount of receptive seedbed. Regeneration was more abundant on drainageways and lower slopes, and less abundant on upper slope and crest sites. For successful regeneration under similar climatic and physiographic conditions, strip widths should be no more than 80 m, and leave times no less than 3 years. It is essential to scarify the upland mineral soil sites, but scarification of lowland sites is not recommended, especially where there is abundant Sphagnum.

Download Full-text

Hyperosmolar Non-Ketotic Diabetic Coma — Less Sodium in Therapy?

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.1177/0310057x8000800311 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 349-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Luen Bik To ◽

P. J. Phillips

Keyword(s):

Older Women ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Serum Sodium ◽

Sodium Concentration ◽

Serum Sodium Concentration ◽

Diabetic Coma ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Serum Osmolarity

Eighteen patients with hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma were studied retrospectively to identify factors affecting prognosis and to review treatment. This condition affected older women two-thirds of whom were unrecognised diabetics. Eight (44%) died. Mortality correlated with age above 60, uraemia and hyperosmolarity, but not with the degree or rate of fall of hyperglycaemia. Hyperglycaemia responded to rehydration and insulin, but in all patients serum osmolarity remained high for several days. In 14 patients (78%) the serum sodium concentration initially increased and in four (22 %) serum osmolarity increased. This persistence or worsening of the hyperosmolar state can be avoided without the risk of cerebal oedema by replacing the fluid and electrolyte deficits over 48 hours and using 5% dextrose for the water deficit.

Download Full-text

Confounding factors affecting the marginal quality of an intra-oral scan

Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1016/j.jdent.2017.02.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. 33-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Andrew Keeling ◽

Jinhua Wu ◽

Marco Ferrari

Keyword(s):

Confounding Factors ◽

Factors Affecting

Download Full-text

Reply to Pouwels et al.: Confounding Factors Affecting sRAGE as a Biomarker for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine ◽

10.1164/rccm.201903-0573le ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 200 (1) ◽

pp. 114-115

Author(s):

Robert A. Stockley ◽

David Halpin ◽

Bartolome R. Celli ◽

Dave Singh

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Confounding Factors ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Factors Affecting

Download Full-text

Experimental confounding factors affecting stability, transport and metabolism of flavanols and hydroxycinnamic acids in Caco-2 cells

Food Research International ◽

10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108797 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 129 ◽

pp. 108797 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Gómez-Juaristi ◽

B. Sarria ◽

L. Goya ◽

L. Bravo-Clemente ◽

R. Mateos

Keyword(s):

Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽

Confounding Factors ◽

Factors Affecting

Download Full-text

Empirical models of forest fire initial attack success probabilities: the effects of fuels, anthropogenic linear features, fire weather, and management

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x06-188 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 36 (12) ◽

pp. 3155-3166 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

M Cecilia Arienti ◽

Steven G Cumming ◽

Stan Boutin

Keyword(s):

Failure Probability ◽

Response Times ◽

Black Spruce ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Fire Weather ◽

Initial Attack ◽

Linear Features ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Forest Fuels ◽

Area Burned

Canadian fire managers seek to contain fires below some target size (here 3 ha) by initial attack (IA). Suppression failures occur when fire size at IA exceeds this target (a response failure) or if an initially small fire cannot be contained below it (a containment failure). We examined the effects of cause, season, forest fuels, anthropogenic linear features, weather, and fire management (response time, size at IA) on the probability of these two types of suppression failures, using multiple logistic regression on 1196 fires that occurred within the boreal mixedwood forest of northeastern Alberta during 1995–2002. The frequencies of containment (7%) and response failures (10%) were similar, but the latter accounted for 85% of the area burned. Response failure probability was greater for fires caused by lightning than those caused by humans and increased with longer response times, local abundance of black spruce in summer, and pine fuel under severe fire weather. We found no effect of linear features or other fuel types. Containment failure probability was related to size at IA and fire weather conditions. Our models suggest that a reduction in area burned might be possible if additional fire-specific factors affecting response failure probability could be incorporated into operational decisions.

Download Full-text