scholarly journals DISCRETE MODIFIED PROJECTION METHODS FOR URYSOHN INTEGRAL EQUATIONS WITH GREEN’S FUNCTION TYPE KERNELS

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-440
Author(s):  
Rekha P. Kulkarni ◽  
Gobinda Rakshit

In the present paper we consider discrete versions of the modified projection methods for solving a Urysohn integral equation with a kernel of the type of Green’s function. For r ≥ 0, a space of piecewise polynomials of degree ≤ r with respect to an uniform partition is chosen to be the approximating space. We define a discrete orthogonal projection onto this space and replace the Urysohn integral operator by a Nyström approximation. The order of convergence which we obtain for the discrete version indicates the choice of numerical quadrature which preserves the orders of convergence in the continuous modified projection methods. Numerical results are given for a specific example.

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 6692-6694 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Jensen ◽  
K. H. Bennemann ◽  
K. Baberschke ◽  
P. Poulopoulos ◽  
M. Farle

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha P. Kulkarni ◽  
Akshay S. Rane

We consider approximation of a nonlinear Hammerstein equation with a kernel of the type of Green's function using the Nyström method based on the composite midpoint and the composite modified Simpson rules associated with a uniform partition. We obtain asymptotic expansions for the approximate solution unat the node points as well as at the partition points and use Richardson extrapolation to obtain approximate solutions with higher orders of convergence. Numerical results are presented which confirm the theoretical orders of convergence.


2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (17) ◽  
pp. 6745-6761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fukai Liu ◽  
Jian Lu ◽  
Oluwayemi A. Garuba ◽  
Yi Huang ◽  
L. Ruby Leung ◽  
...  

A large set of Green’s function-type experiments is performed with q-flux forcings mimicking the effects of the ocean heat uptake (OHU) to examine the global surface air temperature (SAT) sensitivities to the location of the forcing. The result of the experiments confirms the earlier notion derived from experiments with different model complexities that the global mean SAT is far more sensitive to the oceanic forcing from high latitudes than the tropics. Remarkably, no matter in which latitude the q-flux forcings are placed, the SAT response is always characterized by a feature of polar amplification, implicating that it is intrinsic to our climate system. Considerable zonal asymmetry is also present in the efficacy of the tropical OHU, with the tropical eastern Pacific being much more efficient than the Indian Ocean and tropical Atlantic in driving global SAT warming by exciting the leading neutral mode of the SAT that projects strongly onto global mean warming. Using a radiative kernel, feedback analysis is also conducted to unravel the underlying processes responsible for the spatial heterogeneity in the global OHU efficacy, the polar amplification structures, and the tropical altruism of sharing the warmth with remote latitudes. Warming “altruism” for a q flux at a given latitude is also investigated in terms of the ratio of the induced remote latitudes versus the directly forced local warming. It is found that the tropics are much more altruistic than higher latitudes because of the high-energy transport efficiency of the Hadley circulation.


1985 ◽  
Vol 46 (C4) ◽  
pp. C4-321-C4-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Molinari ◽  
G. B. Bachelet ◽  
M. Altarelli

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (N/A) ◽  
pp. 89-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar Sadasivam ◽  
Yuhang Che ◽  
Zhen Huang ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
...  

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