scholarly journals Prevalence of "anti-HBc alone" among Syrian blood donors

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (08) ◽  
pp. 1013-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael Muselmani ◽  
Wafa Habbal ◽  
Fawza Monem
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Serological Profile ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
Blood Screening ◽  
Hbv Transmission

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of "anti-HBc alone" among Syrian blood donors, highlighting the possibility of representing occult HBV infection. Methodology: Sera of 3,896 healthy blood donors were tested for both HBsAg and anti-HBc. HBsAg-negative, anti-HBc-positive samples were further tested for the antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs), and "anti-HBc alone" sera were tested for HBV DNA. Results: Of 3,830 HBsAg-negative donors, 63 were "anti-HBc alone" donors, five of whom were HBV DNA positive. Conclusions: Greater consideration should be given to the "anti-HBc alone" serological profile in blood screening, premarital testing, organ transplantation tests, and other HBV transmission-related procedures in Syria.

The risk of hepatitis B virus infection by transfusion in Kumasi, Ghana

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 2419-2425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Allain ◽  
Daniel Candotti ◽  
Kate Soldan ◽  
Francis Sarkodie ◽  
Bruce Phelps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hbv Transmission

The risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission by transfusion in sub-Saharan Africa is considered to be relatively low, and testing of blood donors is often not done or is done relatively poorly. To re-examine this attitude, we identified HBV chronically infected blood donors from a major hospital in Ghana with a range of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) assays. Test efficacy was estimated using HBV DNA as a gold standard, and the risk of HBV infection in blood recipients was estimated for different testing strategies. Particle agglutination, dipstick, and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) HBsAg screening detected 54%, 71%, and 97% of HBV infectious donors, respectively. The risk of HBV transmission to recipients less than 10 years old ranged between 1:11 and 1:326 with blood unscreened and screened by EIA, respectively. For older recipients, the risk decreased a further 4-fold because of the high frequency of natural exposure to HBV. A total of 98% of HBsAg-confirmed positive samples contained HBV DNA. HBV DNA load was less than 1 × 104 IU/mL in 75% of HBsAg-reactive samples, most of them anti-HBe reactive. Approximately 0.5% of HBsAg-negative but anti-HBc-positive samples contained HBV DNA. The use of sensitive HBsAg tests is critical to prevent transfusion transmission of HBV infection to young children in a population with a 15% prevalence of chronic HBV infection in blood donors. However, this will not have much effect on the prevalence of this infection unless other strategies to protect children from infection are also advanced in parallel.

scholarly journals Close monitoring of serum HBV DNA levels and liver enzymes levels is most useful in the management of patients with occult HBV infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Chemin ◽  
Olivier Guillaud ◽  
Philippe Chevallier Queyron ◽  
Christian Trépo
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv

scholarly journals Occult Hepatitis B: Clinical Viewpoint and Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Zobeiri
Keyword(s):  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B ◽  
Routine Prophylaxis ◽  
Organ Donations

Occult HBV infection (OBI) is defined as HBV DNA detection in serum or in the liver by sensitive diagnostic tests in HBsAg-negative patients with or without serologic markers of previous viral exposure. OBI seems to be higher among subjects at high risk for HBV infection and with liver disease. OBI can be both a source of virus contamination in blood and organ donations and the reservoir for full blown hepatitis after reactivation. HBV reactivation depends on viral and host factors but these associations have not been analyzed thoroughly. In OBI, it would be best to prevent HBV reactivation which inhibits the development of hepatitis and subsequent mortality. In diverse cases with insufficient data to recommend routine prophylaxis, early identification of virologic reactivation is essential to start antiviral therapy. For retrieving articles regarding OBI, various databases, including OVID, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, were used.

Preliminary results of HBV DNA testing of Polish haemophilia patients - lack of occult HBV infection

Haemophilia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. WINDYGA ◽  
E. BROJER ◽  
A. GRONOWSKA ◽  
P. GRABARCZYK ◽  
K. MIKULSKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Dna Testing ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Occult Hbv

A new method of concentrating hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and HBV surface antigen: an application of the method to the detection of occult HBV infection

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Satoh ◽  
A. Iwata-Takakura ◽  
A. Yoshikawa ◽  
Y. Gotanda ◽  
T. Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
New Method ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Development of occult hepatitis B viral infection in pregnancy: implications for antenatal screening in women from endemic areas

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Philip Chang ◽  
Jeffrey Tu ◽  
Antony Chesterman ◽  
Robert Kim ◽  
Peter Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Antenatal Screening ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, manifest clinically by the presence of HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA) in peripheral blood in individuals who test negative for the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), may occur in various clinical contexts, including under the influence of pharmacological immunosuppression in patients from areas endemic for HBV and, hence, at risk of previous exposure. Pregnancy is a condition associated with immune suppression, but whether virus-specific immunity may be suppressed to an extent sufficient to allow occult HBV infection to develop is currently unknown. This is potentially relevant not only to the mother's health but also because vertical transmission has been reported in the occult HBV infection setting. We report a 30-year-old woman from a country endemic for HBV who, prior to pregnancy, was persistently HBsAg-negative with undetectable HBV DNA in peripheral blood, in whom HBV DNA became increasingly detectable during pregnancy, peaking in the third trimester, before returning to undetectable levels postpartum. HBsAg remained negative and liver function tests were normal throughout. Immunoglobulin M hepatitis B core antibody, a marker of the possibility of acquisition of a new HBV infection, was also negative. The baby received immunization against HBV infection from birth and has remained HBV negative at six months. This report documents for the first time that occult HBV infection may develop during pregnancy. Further data are required regarding the prevalence of this phenomenon, predisposing factors, impact on maternal health and risk of vertical transmission so that implications for current antenatal screening strategies that do not include measurement of HBV DNA in peripheral blood can be properly determined.

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