scholarly journals The Rare Five Finger Pectoralis Nerves: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 548-551
Author(s):  
Adegbenro Omotuyi John Fakoya ◽  
Michelanthony Lee Rosado-Velazquez ◽  
Kirthana Sugunathevan ◽  
Kai Anika Prophete ◽  
Surpreet Kaur Khunkhun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Radical Mastectomy ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Communicating Branch ◽  
Pectoralis Minor Muscle ◽  
Pectoral Region ◽  
Minor Muscle

The brachial plexus is a complex network of nerve tissue in the human body that has been reported to vary from person to person. We describe a very rare variation of the brachial plexus found on a routine cadaveric dissection. On the left side of the chest, we identified two lateral pectoral nerves arising from the lateral cord and innervating the pectoralis major muscle; two medial pectoral nerves (MPNs) arising from the medial cord that innervates both pectoral muscles and a communicating branch that connects the lateral and MPN. In addition, this communicating branch had a nerve that innervated the pectoralis minor muscle. Knowing the variations of branching of the pectoral nerves is critical when performing any medical procedure in the pectoral region, such as plastic breast reconstruction surgery after modified radical mastectomy in breast cancer, removal of the pectoral muscles, anesthetizing the brachial plexus, or axillary dissection.

scholarly journals The role of the ultrasound examination of the brachial plexus in thoracic outlet syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
D. S. Druzhinin ◽  
S. S. Nikitin ◽  
L. M. Boriskina ◽  
E. S. Druzhinina ◽  
M. L. Novikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome ◽  
Axillary Artery ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Pectoralis Minor ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Ultrasound Study ◽  
Pectoralis Minor Muscle ◽  
Minor Muscle

Introduction. Difficulties in determining the compression of the neurovascular bundle with the thoracic outlet syndrome raises the question of finding an accessible and reproducible method for the neuroimaging of the brachial plexus and surrounding tissues.Purpose of the study – to develop an ultrasound diagnostic algorithm using a stress test to determine the level and cause of brachial plexus compression in comparison with the results of a clinical assessment.Materials and methods. 111 patients with verified compression of the brachial plexus at the level of the interstitial (65.7 %) and bone-clavicular space (21.6 %), as well as the tendon of the pectoralis minor muscle (12.6 %) were examined. The study protocol including the Adson ultrasound stress test, the assessment of the lower trunk in the interstitial space, and the test with ultrasound evaluation of the axillary artery at the level of the tendon of the pectoralis minor muscle with passive abduction of the arm back and up was used.Conclusion. An ultrasound study of the brachial plexus demonstrated informativeness in assessing the level and possible cause of compression, which opens up the possibility of using the method in routine neurological practice.

scholarly journals Modified radical mastectomy sparing one or both pectoral muscles in the treatment of breast cancer: intra and postoperative complications

2006 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruffo Freitas-Júnior ◽  
Evelling Lorena Cerqueira Oliveira ◽  
Rubens José Pereira ◽  
Marco Aurélio Costa Silva ◽  
Maurício Duarte Esperidião ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Radical Mastectomy ◽  
Modified Radical Mastectomy ◽  
Pectoralis Minor ◽  
Prospective Comparison ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Pectoralis Minor Muscle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
De Medicina ◽  
Minor Muscle

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Modified radical mastectomy is widely utilized in breast cancer treatment. However, no prospective comparison has yet been made between the Madden technique (preservation of the pectoralis minor muscle) and the Patey technique (resection of this muscle). The aim of this work was to compare these two modified radical mastectomy techniques, by analyzing their degrees of difficulty and complications. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized trial at the Breast Unit of Hospital Araújo Jorge, Goiás; and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás. METHODS: 430 patients with breast cancer with an indication for modified radical mastectomy were included in the program, of whom 426 patients were available for analysis (225 allocated to Patey and 201 to Madden). The chi-squared and Student t tests were used for analysis. RESULTS: The patients’ demographics were well balanced between the two groups. The mean duration of the surgical procedures was 105 (± 29.9) and 102 minutes (± 33), for the Patey and Madden groups, respectively (p = 0.6). Hospitalization duration was 2.3 days for both groups. The mean number of lymph nodes resected was 20.3 (± 7.6) for Patey and 19.8 (± 8.1) for Madden (p = 0.5). There were no differences in terms of vascular or nerve sections, hematomas or infections. The surgeons reported the same degree of difficulty for the two methods. CONCLUSION: The removal of the pectoralis minor muscle did not influence any of the variables studied. Therefore, either technique can be performed, at the surgeon’s discretion.

scholarly journals Using axillary region myoplasty with the pectoralis minor muscle flap for seroma prevention after radical mastectomy

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-453
Author(s):  
A Kh Ismagilov ◽  
G I Shakirova
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Flap ◽  
Radical Mastectomy ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pectoralis Minor ◽  
Hospitalization Period ◽  
Axillary Region ◽  
Pectoralis Minor Muscle ◽  
Minor Muscle

Aim. To assess clinical effectiveness of axillary region myoplasty using pectoralis minor muscle flap as an achievable and easy in technical performance method for seroma prevention after radical mastectomy.Methods. 545 patients aged 45 to 65 years (mean age 42.34±0.62 years) with stage I-II breast cancer, who were followed up from 2006 to 2014, were examined. Patients were divided into two groups: the main group included 256 women who underwent Patey’s mastectomy combined with axillary region myoplasty using pectoralis minor muscle flap (using the method developed by the authors in 2005-2006, and patented in 2010) and the control group consisted of 289 patients with Patey’s mastectomy.Results.The total seroma volume for 14 days in patients of the main group was 76.3% less than that in patients without myoplasty (pConclusion. Axillary region myoplasty with pectoralis minor muscle is an effective method of prevention, leading to a decrease in the seromas volume and duration in the postoperative period, as well as hospitalization period reduction.

scholarly journals Giant Lipoma of The Breast: Special Clinical Finding

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-336
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zaki Abdul Hafiz ◽  
Daan khambri ◽  
Anandia Putriyuni
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Left Breast ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Breast Asymmetry ◽  
Giant Tumor ◽  
Giant Lipoma ◽  
Pectoralis Minor Muscle ◽  
Minor Muscle

Lipomas are the most common benign tumors of mesenchymal origin.Lipoma of breast is somewhat difficult to diagnose clinically because of fattyconsistency of breast. Giant lipoma is the mass of lipoma that exceeds atleast 10 cm in one dimension or weighs a minimum of 1000 gr.Only veryfew case reports giant lipoma of the breast available in literature becauserarity in size and location. Due to the fatty composition of the breast,difficulties in diagnosis, threatment, and reconstruction are oftenencountered.Presently, we have reported a case of this rare entity in 49years old female with giant tumor of the left breast that most of its mass,causing breast asymmetry and feel heavy. The operative finding: looks likelipoma between pectoralis major muscle and pectoralis minor muscle witha diameter of 31 cm and weighs 3.1 kg. After excision the tumor we need tomammoplasty.Pathology anatomy examination showed a lipoma.

scholarly journals The effect of lateral pectoral nerve sparing technique and radiotherapy on the pectoralis major muscle applied with modified radical mastectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzaffer Akkoca ◽  
Mehlika Panpallı Ateş ◽  
Kerim Bora Yılmaz ◽  
İnanç İmamoğlu ◽  
Şener Balas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Radical Mastectomy ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Nerve Sparing ◽  
Modified Radical Mastectomy ◽  
Pectoral Nerve
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