scholarly journals A Pattern of Glomerular Diseases in Egyptian Children: A Single-center Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 1305-1312
Author(s):  
Hoda Atef Abdelsattar Ibrahim ◽  
Aya Amin ◽  
Ahmed Zeid ◽  
Samar Sabry ◽  
Hesham Safouh

BACKGROUND: Findings indicative of the glomerular disease are proteinuria, hematuria, nephrotic syndrome (NS), hypertension, and renal insufficiency. These presentations can be used to define different clinical patterns that resemble different underlying etiologies. METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional study enrolled in Children Hospital Cairo University. The study participants were recruited on two stages, retrospective and prospective stages. In the retrospective stage, all eligible patients across 5 years (between 2011 and 2015) with any glomerular disease were included in the study. In addition, prospectively, the new cases a long 6 months (from February 2016 till July 2016) with glomerular diseases were included in the study. RESULTS: A total of 594 cases with different glomerular diseases were identified. Cases were two groups: The retrospective group that involved 543 cases and the prospective group that included 51 cases. In the retrospective part of the study, the most common presentations were NS (68%), nephritis (16.4%), gross hematuria (10.5%), and nephrotic/nephritic syndrome (3.5%). The most common biopsies in the retrospective study were NS: MCNS (27.3%), NS: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (23.4%), NS: Mesangioproliferative GN (9.4%), NS: Membranous GN (2.3%), Crescentric GN (3.9%), Membranous GN (0.8%), MPGN (0.8%), congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS):Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis (3.9%), CNS: Finnish type (2.3%), Alport (4.7%), IgA nephropathy (3.9%), IgM nephropathy (1.6%), lupus nephritis (LN) (3.1%), Thin basement membrane disease (3.1%), and others (9.4%) In the prospective study, the most common presentations were NS (76.5%), nephritis (11.8%), nephrotic/nephritic syndrome (7.8%), and gross hematuria (3.9%). The biopsies results were mainly NS: FSGS (33.3%) and NS: MCNS (33.3%). Other biopsies results in the prospective part were NS: Mesangioproliferative GN (16.7%), LN (8.3%), and IgA nephropathy (8.3%). CONCLUSION: The most common glomerular disease in childhood is NS. The most common pathology of glomerular diseases is minimal change NS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Nemirovsky ◽  
Puneet Gupta ◽  
Sophia Hu ◽  
Raymond Wong ◽  
Avnesh S. Thakor

Renal hypoxia has recently been implicated as a key contributor and indicator of various glomerular diseases. As such, monitoring changes in renal oxygenation in these disorders may provide an early diagnostic advantage that could prevent potential adverse outcomes. Blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI) is an emerging noninvasive technique for assessing renal oxygenation in glomerular disease. Although BOLD MRI has produced promising initial results for the use in certain renal pathologies, the use of BOLD imaging in glomerular diseases, including primary and secondary nephrotic and nephritic syndromes, is relatively unexplored. Early BOLD studies on primary nephrotic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome secondary to diabetes mellitus, and nephritic syndrome secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus have shown promising results to support its future clinical utility. In this review, we outline the advancements made in understanding the use of BOLD MRI for the assessment, diagnosis, and screening of these pathologies.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Imam ◽  
Mudhafar Abdullah Ali ◽  
Safa Ezzaddin Al-Mukhtar

BACKGROUND Renal biopsy is crucial to determine the pattern of the different types of renal diseases. It represents the gold standard of diagnostics for renal pathologies, including glomerular diseases, and it has an important value for the prognosis, monitoring disease progression, and planning the management protocol. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE To report the frequency of different pathological lesions affecting the kidney in patients who were admitted to our medical centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study of all patients with renal diseases who underwent percutaneous renal biopsy at the Erbil Kidney Centre for eight years  (1st of January 2010  to 31st of December 2017). A total of 893 cases were biopsied and subsequently studied via histopathological examination and immunofluorescence microscopy. The study is ethically permitted by the Kurdistan Board for Medical Specialization. RESULTS The average age of the patients was 30.9 years. The most common clinical indication for biopsy included nephrotic syndrome (46.47%), acute renal failure (19.04%), chronic renal failure (15.34%), nephritic syndrome (7.39%), proteinuria alone (7.28%), and hematuria alone (4.48%). In patients with a primary glomerular disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and minimal change disease were the most frequent (27.44% and 16.01%) in the younger patients (18.61±13.47 years), while membranous glomerulonephritis was more common in older patients (38.94±13.69 years). Patients with a secondary glomerular disease were mainly diagnosed with lupus nephritis, amyloidosis, and diabetic nephropathy. CONCLUSION The epitome of our study signifies that the spectrum of glomerular diseases varies based on age, sex, ethnicity, and geographical distribution. The implementation of renal biopsy proved to be a cornerstone in reaching the correct diagnosis. Future studies should implement the use of electron microscopy in conjunction with classical techniques of histopathology and immunofluorescence microscopy to diagnose equivocal cases of interest.


2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Khatun ◽  
KP Bista ◽  
C Mahaseth

Introduction: Glomerular disease is one of the most common forms of renal disease and can have many different clinical presentations. However there is variation in the prevalence in the type of glomerular disease according to geographical location and race of population. The aim of the study was to find the overall distribution pattern of glomerular disease based on renal biopsies. Material and Methods: The medical records of all children who underwent kidney biopsy (n=29) between January 2012-june 2014 were analyzed. In this retrospective study we review children from Kanti Children’s Hospital, Nephrology Department. Demographic data including age, sex and indication of kidney biopsy as well as complication of the procedures were recorded. Result: A total number of thirty one biopsies were done. Two children were excluded from the study due to inadequate tissue and artifacts defects in preservative. The remaining twenty nine biopsies were included in the study and analyzed. Renal disease was found nearly equal in both male and female (51.72% vs. 48.27%).Mean age was 10.95±3.30 years. Maximum number of biopsies (75.86%) was performed between 10- 15 years. The most common indication of the kidney biopsy was nephrotic syndrome (steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome and steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome, 31.02% followed by lupus nephritis 27.58%.The most common glomerular disease were focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and lupus nephritis both contribute 27.58%. Among lupus nephritis class III was found more common (44.44%) in children. IgA nephropathy was also contribute (17.24%) in all glomerular disease. Regarding the kidney biopsy complication gross hematuria was observed in 6.89% of children which was self-limited. Conclusion: FSGS and lupus nephritis is becoming the most common glomerular disease in children attending the Kanti Children Hospital. IgA nephropathy was also contribute the glomerular disease in the children. J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(3):225-229   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i3.11162  


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai-Shuai Shi ◽  
Xian-Zu Yang ◽  
Xiao-Ye Zhang ◽  
Hui-Dan Guo ◽  
Wen-Feng Wang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Horseshoe kidney (HSK) is a common congenital defect of the urinary system. The most common complications are urinary tract infection, urinary stones, and hydronephrosis. HSK can be combined with glomerular diseases, but the diagnosis rate of renal biopsy is low due to structural abnormalities. There are only a few reports on HSK with glomerular disease. Here, we have reported a case of PLA2R-positive membranous nephropathy occurring in a patient with HSK. Case presentation After admission to the hospital due to oedema of both the lower extremities, the patient was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome due to abnormal 24-h urine protein (7540 mg) and blood albumin (25 g/L) levels. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed HSK. The patient’s brother had a history of end-stage renal disease due to nephrotic syndrome. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with PLA2R-positive stage II membranous nephropathy through renal biopsy under abdominal ultrasonography guidance. He was administered adequate prednisone and cyclophosphamide, and after 6 months of treatment, urinary protein excretion levels significantly decreased. Conclusion The risk and difficulty of renal biopsy in patients with HSK are increased due to structural abnormalities; however, renal biopsy can be accomplished through precise positioning with abdominal ultrasonography. In the literature, 20 cases of HSK with glomerular disease have been reported thus far. Because of the small number of cases, estimating the incidence rate of glomerular diseases in HSK is impossible, and the correlation between HSK and renal pathology cannot be stated. Further studies should be conducted and cases should be accumulated to elucidate this phenomenon.


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aydin Turkmen ◽  
Abdullah Sumnu ◽  
Egemen Cebeci ◽  
Halil Yazici ◽  
Necmi Eren ◽  
...  

Abstract Background and Aims The largest data on the epidemiology of primary glomerular diseases (PGD) are obtained from the databases of countries or centers. Here, we presented the extended results of the Primary Glomerular Diseases Study of the Turkish Society of Nephrology Glomerular Diseases (TSN-GOLD)Working Group. Method The data of patients who underwent renal biopsy and diagnosed as primary glomerular disease were recorded in the database prepared for the study. Between May 2009 and May 2019, a total of 4399 patients from 47 centers were evaluated. Basal data of 3875 patients were analyzed after exclusion of those lacking light microscopy and immunofluorescence findings. Results The mean age was 41.5 ± 14.9 years. Of the patients, 1690 were female (43.6%) and 2180 (56.3%) were male. Nephrotic syndrome was the most common biopsy indication (51.7%). This was followed by asymptomatic urinary abnormalities (18.3%) and nephritic syndrome (17.8%). The most common PGH was IgA nephropathy (25.7%), followed by membranous nephropathy (25.6%) and FSGS (21.9%). The mean total number of glomeruli per biopsy was 17 ± 10. Mean baseline systolic blood pressure was 130 ± 20 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure was 81 ± 12 mmHg. Median proteinuria was 3300 (IQR: 1467-6307) mg / day, mean serum creatinine, estimated GFR and albumin values were 1.4 ± 1.5 mg / dl, 80.7 ± 39.1 ml / min and 3.2 ± 0.9 g / dl, respectively. Conclusion In Turkey, the incidence of IgA nephropathy patients have become more common than membranous nephropathy among PGD patients diagnosed with renal biopsy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuma Bulent Gul ◽  
Mehmet Kucuk ◽  
Savas Ozturk ◽  
Erol Demir ◽  
Necmi Eren ◽  
...  

Abstract Background and Aims Several glomerular disease registries in Europe, and they shared their data; however, there was a lack of current data on trends of primary glomerulopathy in Turkey. Glomerular disease patterns can change geographical areas and populations decade by decade. Our aim is to present Turkey's primary glomerular disease pattern from 2009 to 2017. Method 3878 native kidney biopsy records were assessed in the Turkish Society of Nephrology Glomerulopathy (TSN-GOLD) Working Group Registry. Secondary disease (lupus, etc.) and transplant biopsies do not enroll in the registry. These records divided into four periods, before 2009, 2009 to 2013, 2013 to 2017, and 2017 to current. Results A total of 3858 patients (M = 2173, K = 1685) were examined. There was no difference in the distribution of number of patients according to periods (Q1 = 968, Q2 = 960, Q3 = 968, Q4 = 962). Nephrotic syndrome was the most common biopsy indication in all quarters (58.6%, 53%, 44.1%, 51.6%, respectively). Glomerulopathy types; Membranous GN (29.9%, n = 290) was the first in Q1 and IgA nephropathy (17.7%, n = 172) was the second. IgA nephropathy (28.5%, n = 274) was the most common glomerulopathy in Q2, while Membranous GN (25.5%, n = 245) was the second most common. IgA nephropathy (29.9%, n = 285) was the most common glomerulopathy in Q3, followed by FSGS (22.9%, n = 222) and Membranous GN. In Q4, FSGS (26.8, n = 258) was the most common glomerulopathy, followed by IgA nephropathy (26.7%, n = 257) and Membranous GN (24.5%, n = 236) (Figure 1). Conclusion While biopsy indications did not change over the years, the incidence of FSGS and IgA nephropathy gradually increased.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aydin Turkmen ◽  
Abdullah Sumnu ◽  
Egemen Cebeci ◽  
Halil Yazici ◽  
Necmi Eren ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The largest data on the epidemiology of primary glomerular diseases (PGDs) are obtained from the databases of countries or centers. Here, we present the extended results of the Primary Glomerular Diseases Study of the Turkish Society of Nephrology Glomerular Diseases (TSN-GOLD) Working Group. Methods Data of patients who underwent renal biopsy and received the diagnosis of PGD were recorded in the database prepared for the study. A total of 4399 patients from 47 centers were evaluated between May 2009 and May 2019. The data obtained at the time of kidney biopsy were analyzed. After the exclusion of patients without light microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy findings, a total of 3875 patients were included in the study. Results The mean age was 41.5 ± 14.9 years. 1690 patients were female (43.6%) and 2185 (56.3%) were male. Nephrotic syndrome was the most common biopsy indication (51.7%). This was followed by asymptomatic urinary abnormalities (18.3%) and nephritic syndrome (17.8%). The most common PGD was IgA nephropathy (25.7%) followed by membranous nephropathy (25.6%) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (21.9%). The mean total number of glomeruli per biopsy was 17 ± 10. The mean baseline systolic blood pressure was 130 ± 20 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure was 81 ± 12 mmHg. The median proteinuria, serum creatinine, estimated GFR, and mean albumin values were 3300 (IQR: 1467–6307) mg/day, 1.0 (IQR: 0.7–1.6) mg/dL, 82.9 (IQR: 47.0–113.0) mL/min and 3.2 ± 0.9 g/dL, respectively. Conclusions The distribution of PGDs in Turkey has become similar to that in other European countries. IgA nephropathy diagnosed via renal biopsy has become more prevalent compared to membranous nephropathy.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Gomes Thomé ◽  
Talissa Bianchini ◽  
Rafael Nazario Bringhenti ◽  
Pedro Guilherme Schaefer ◽  
Elvino José Guardão Barros ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The prevalence and distribution of glomerular diseases differs between countries, and the indication to perform a kidney biopsy varies in each center. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of primary and secondary glomerulopathies based on histological diagnosis, and their correlation with demographic and clinical data were evaluated. Methods It was included in the study 1051 kidney biopsies retrospectively reviewed between the years 2000 to 2018. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of patients were assessed. The prevalence of primary glomerulonephritis (PG) and secondary glomerulopathies (SG), as well as tubulo-interstitial diseases (TID), hereditary nephropathies (HN) and other diagnosis, were described. The frequency of primary and secondary glomerulopathies was evaluated by age group, and their temporal variation in three time periods (2000–2005, 2006–2011, and 2012–2018) were reported. Results The prevalence of SG predominated (52.4%) followed by PG (29.6%), other diagnoses (10.7%), TID (6.6%) and HN (1.1%). In primary forms, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) prevailed (37.3%), followed by IgA nephropathy (IgAN, 24.4%), membranous nephropathy (MN, 18.6%) and minimal change disease (MCD, 8.4%). Lupus nephritis (LN, 41.1%) had the highest frequency in SG, and in sequence diabetic kidney disease (DKD, 17.8%), systemic vasculitis (SV, 10.2%) and secondary FSGS (2nd FSGS, 10%). Nephrotic syndrome was the most common clinical presentation in PG, and also in DRD and 2nd FSGS, whereas in IgAN and SV the nephritic syndrome was the main form of presentation. In the age group between 18–50 years, LN, FSGS and IgAN predominated, between 51–65 years the proportion of DKD and 2nd FSGS increased, and SV were more found in patients > 65 years. The temporal variation of PG in three time periods showed a statistically significant increase in IgAN (p = 0.001) and a reduction in FSGS (p < 0.001). In SG, there were a reduction in LN (p = 0.027) and increase in DKD (p < 0.001), with a tendency to decrease of 2nd FSGS (p = 0.053). Conclusions In this kidney biopsy registry, FSGS and IgAN were the prevalent diagnoses in PG, ​​and LN and DKD in SG. Nephrotic syndrome was the major indication for biopsy. When comparing the temporal variation of glomerulopathies, there was a reduction in FSGS and an increase in IgAN in PGs, and in SGs a reduction of LN with an increase in cases of DKD.


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jűrgen Floege ◽  
Sean J. Barbour ◽  
Daniel C. Cattran ◽  
Jonathan J. Hogan ◽  
Patrick H. Nachman ◽  
...  

The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) initiative organized a Controversies Conference on glomerular diseases in November 2017. The conference focused on the 2012 KDIGO guideline with the aim of identifying new insights into nomenclature, pathogenesis, diagnostic work-up, and, in particular, therapy of glomerular diseases since the guideline’s publication. It was the consensus of the group that most guideline recommendations, in particular those dealing with therapy, will need to be revisited by the guideline-updating Work Group. This report covers general management of glomerular disease, IgA nephropathy, and membranous nephropathy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Gomes Thomé ◽  
Talissa Bianchini ◽  
Rafael Nazario Bringhenti ◽  
Pedro Guilherme Schaefer ◽  
Elvino José Guardão Barros ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The prevalence and distribution of glomerular diseases differ among countries, and the indication to perform a kidney biopsy varies among centres. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of primary and secondary glomerulopathies based on histological diagnoses, and the correlation between glomerulopathies and demographic and clinical data was evaluated. Methods In this study, 1051 kidney biopsies were retrospectively reviewed between 2000 and 2018. Patient demographic, clinical and laboratory data were assessed. The prevalence of primary glomerulonephritis (PG) and secondary glomerulopathies (SG), as well as tubulointerstitial diseases (TIDs), hereditary nephropathies (HNs) and other diagnoses, were determined. The frequency of primary and secondary glomerulopathies was evaluated by age group, and the temporal variation in frequencies across three time periods (2000-2005, 2006-2011, and 2012-2018) was reported. Results The prevalence of SG predominated (52.4%), followed by PG (29.6%), other diagnoses (10.7%), TID (6.6%) and HN (1.1%). Among the primary forms of glomerular disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was the most common (37.3%), followed by IgA nephropathy (IgAN, 24.4%), membranous nephropathy (MN, 18.6%) and minimal change disease (MCD, 8.4%). Lupus nephritis (LN, 41.1%) was most common in patients with SG, followed by diabetic kidney disease (DKD, 17.8%), systemic vasculitis (SV, 10.2%) and secondary FSGS (2nd FSGS, 10%). Nephrotic syndrome was the most common clinical presentation in patients with PG and also in patients with DRD and 2nd FSGS, whereas in patients with IgAN and SV, nephritic syndrome was the main presentation. For the age group between 18 and 50 years, LN, FSGS and IgAN predominated; for patients aged between 51 and 65 years, the proportion of DKD and 2nd FSGS increased, and SV was more common in patients > 65 years. The temporal variation in PG across the three time periods showed a statistically significant increase in IgAN (p = 0.001) and a reduction in FSGS over time (p < 0.001). In SG, there was a reduction in LN (p = 0.027) and an increase in DKD (p < 0.001) over time, with a tendency for 2nd FSGS to decrease over time (p = 0.053). Conclusions In the studied kidney biopsy registry, FSGS and IgAN were the most prevalent diagnoses in patients with PG, and LN and DKD were the most prevalent in patients with SG. Nephrotic syndrome was the major indication for biopsy. When comparing the temporal variation in glomerulopathies, there was a reduction in FSGS and an increase in IgAN in patients with PGs over time, and for patients with SGs, there was a reduction in LN with an increase in cases of DKD over time.


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