scholarly journals Is the Nernst Equation Applicable to Silver(I) Concentration Cells in Fused Nitrate Medium?.

1974 ◽  
Vol 28a ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertil Holmberg ◽  
Yukiyoshi Sasaki ◽  
A. M. Sargeson ◽  
C. E. Schäffer ◽  
Alf Bjørseth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nernst Equation ◽  
Nitrate Medium ◽  
Concentration Cells

Galvanostatic dissolution of mercury from the surface of glassy carbon into thiocyanate solution

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Opekar ◽  
Karel Holub
Keyword(s):  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Electrode Surface ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
High Current ◽  
Nernst Equation ◽  
Potential Oscillations ◽  
Thiocyanate Solution ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Solution Proceeds ◽  
Dissolution Current

The galvanostatic dissolution of mercury from the surface of glassy carbon into a thiocyanate solution proceeds in accord with theoretical assumptions, as manifested by the constant product of the dissolution current and transition time. Under certain relations between the amount of oxidised mercury and concentration of thiocyanate at the electrode surface, however, a small part of the mercury dissolves at more positive potentials than correspond to the Nernst equation. This dissolution can be accompanied by potential oscillations. The anomalous behaviour is elucidated by the concept about coverage of a certain part of mercury with a film of sparingly soluble compounds of SCN- ions with mercury. This film is formed at the end of the galvanostatic dissolution on certain places of the electrode surface covered with mercury droplets, where SCN- ions are much exhausted as a result of a high current density.

scholarly journals Nitrification Process in a Nuclear Wastewater with High Load of Nitrogen, Uranium and Organic Matter under ORP Controlled

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1607
Author(s):  
Mariano Venturini ◽  
Ariana Rossen ◽  
Patricia Silva Paulo
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
High Load ◽  
Nuclear Fuels ◽  
Monod Model ◽  
Nernst Equation ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Real Wastewater ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Very High

To produce nuclear fuels, it is necessary to convert uranium′s ore into UO2-ceramic grade, using several quantities of kerosene, methanol, nitric acid, ammonia, and, in low level, tributyl phosphate (TBP). Thus, the effluent generated by nuclear industries is one of the most toxic since it contains high concentrations of dangerous compounds. This paper explores biological parameters on real nuclear wastewater by the Monod model in an ORP controlled predicting the specific ammonia oxidation. Thermodynamic parameters were established using the Nernst equation to monitor Oxiders/Reductors relationship to obtain a correlation of these parameters to controlling and monitoring; that would allow technical operators to have better control of the nitrification process. The real nuclear effluent is formed by a mixture of two different lines of discharges, one composed of a high load of nitrogen, around 11,000 mg/L (N-NH4+-N-NO3−) and 600 mg/L Uranium, a second one, proceeds from uranium purification, containing TBP and COD that have to be removed. Bioprocesses were operated on real wastewater samples over 120 days under controlled ORP, as described by Nernst equations, which proved to be a robust tool to operate nitrification for larger periods with a very high load of nitrogen, uranium, and COD.

Use of strontium β-alumina based composite electrolyte in phosphorus concentration cells

Ionics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wordsworth ◽  
R. V. Kumar ◽  
D. J. Fray
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Composite Electrolyte ◽  
Concentration Cells

The change from symmetry to asymmetry of a sodium transport system in red cell membranes

1985 ◽  
Vol 223 (1233) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Tracer Studies ◽  
Chloride Medium ◽  
Sodium Influx ◽  
Nitrate Medium ◽  
Sodium Efflux ◽  
External Potassium ◽  
Red Cell Membranes ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Human Red Cells

A study has been made with human red cells of sodium movements that are sensitive to the drug furosemide. The aim was to see if furosemide-sensitive movements that are symmetrical (exchange) became asymmetrical (net transport) on replacement of chloride with nitrate as the major external anion. Cells were incubated for 4 h at 37 °C with 140 mm sodium, and chloride or nitrate as the principal anion. Under a variety of conditions (presence and absence of ouabain or furosemide, or both) the cell sodium concentration was always higher when chloride was replaced with nitrate. The cells became leakier to sodium. Tracer studies indicated that, in contrast to the results in chloride medium, the decrease in sodium influx was greater than the fall in efflux when furosemide was added to cells in nitrate medium. The results confirm that the sensitivity of sodium efflux to furosemide depended on chloride. However, influx showed a different sensitivity in that furosemide still inhibited in cells incubated in nitrate medium. The stimulation of sodium influx with nitrate medium was independent of external potassium (10–50 mm) and the furosemide-sensitive influx was also constant. It is concluded that symmetrical transmembrane sodium movements with cells in chloride medium became downhill asymmetrical in nitrate medium, giving a net gain of cell sodium that was insensitive to ouabain and sensitive to furosemide. The drug thus partly retarded the gain of cell sodium that otherwise occurred in the somewhat leaky cells.

Do Concentration Cells Store Charge in Water? Comment on Can Water Store Charge?

Langmuir ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 6587-6589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio R. Corti* ◽  
Agustin J. Colussi
Keyword(s):  
Do Concentration ◽  
Concentration Cells

3.19 Nernst Equation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Pingarrón ◽  
Ján Labuda ◽  
Jiří Barek ◽  
Christopher M. A. Brett ◽  
Maria Filomena Camões ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nernst Equation

Cholecystokinin-gated currents in neurons of the rat solitary complex in vitro

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 2584-2595 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Branchereau ◽  
J. Champagnat ◽  
M. Denavit-Saubie
Keyword(s):  
Voltage Clamp ◽  
Potassium Current ◽  
Reversal Potential ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Calcium Currents ◽  
Equilibrium Potential ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Nernst Equation ◽  
Membrane Hyperpolarization ◽  
Cckb Receptor

1. Ionic conductances controlled by type A and type B cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors were studied in neurons of the rat nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV), using intracellular and whole-cell patch clamp recordings in current or voltage clamp configuration during bath application of agonists (CCK8, CCK4, BC 264) and antagonists. 2. CCKA receptor-related inhibition was associated with a membrane hyperpolarization and a decrease in input resistance that developed 2-6 min after the arrival of drug into the extracellular medium. These effects were induced by 5 nM CCK8 but not BC 264 and they were blocked by the CCKA antagonist, L-364,718, but not by the CCKB antagonist, L-365,260. 3. CCKA receptor-related inhibition was generated by a potassium current that reversed at a reversal potential E(rev) of -73 +/- 1 (mean +/- SE) mV with bathing potassium concentration [K+]o = 6 mM and at -88 +/- 1 with [K+]o = 3 mM, in agreement with the Nernst equation for potassium ions. 4. CCKB receptor-related excitation was associated with a membrane depolarization and an increase of the input resistance induced by the following agonists at threshold concentrations: CCK8 (0.2 nM) > or = BC 264 (0.4 nM) > CCK4 (10.9 nM). The increase of input resistance was abolished by L-365,260 and was maintained after blockade of the CCKA current by L-364,718. 5. CCKB receptor-related excitation, in the neurons (30% of cases) in which clear response reversal was observed, appeared to be generated by a decrease of a potassium conductance. Responses showed a reversal potential E(rev) of -68 +/- 4 mV with [K+]o = 6 mM and -89 +/- 1 mV with [K+]o = 3 mM, verifying predictions from the Nernst equation applied to potassium ions. However, in 70% of cases, clear reversal was not observed at membrane potentials negative to the theoretical potassium equilibrium potential EK. 6. In voltage clamp studies, CCK8 induced a 181 +/- 17 pA inward current associated with a 26 +/- 4% decrease in the instantaneous current (I(ins)) generated by hyperpolarizing voltage steps. This effect on I(ins) was demonstrated in the absence of effects on the outward noninactivating potassium current (IM) and on the inward noninactivating cationic current (IQ). 7. CCKB receptor-mediated excitation was not suppressed by cobalt, a blocker of calcium currents, and was not associated with a change of the calcium-dependent potassium current (IK(Ca)).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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