scholarly journals Patterns and traits associated with invasions by predatory marine crabs

NeoBiota ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 79-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheruscha Swart ◽  
Vernon Visser ◽  
Tamara B. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
North West ◽  
Trait Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Biological Trait ◽  
The Family ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Specific Species

Predatory crabs are considered amongst the most successful marine invasive groups. Nonetheless, most studies of these taxa have been descriptive in nature, biased towards specific species or regions and have seldom considered traits associated with invasiveness. To address this gap in knowledge, this study presents a global review of invasions by this group and applies biological trait analysis to investigate traits associated with invasion success. A total of 56 species belonging to 15 families were identified as having spread outside their native ranges. The family Portunidae supported the highest number of alien species (22). Most crabs had their origin in the North West Pacific IUCN bioregion while the Mediterranean Sea received the most species. No traits associated with successful establishment were identified, but this finding may reflect the paucity of basic biological knowledge held for many species. This lack of foundational knowledge was unexpected as crabs are large and conspicuous and likely to be well studied when compared to many other groups. Addressing this knowledge gap will be the first step towards enabling approaches like biological trait analysis that offer a means to investigate generalities in invasions.

scholarly journals Familial Thrombosis Due to Antithrombin III Deficiency: An Extensive Family Study

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Bennett ◽  
Michael Mackie ◽  
Alexander S. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Massive Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Disorder ◽  
Bowel Infarction ◽  
North West ◽  
Mesenteric Vein ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Antithrombin Iii Deficiency

A family living in Lewis (a Hebridean Island off the north west coast of Scotland) affected by antithrombin III deficiency has been studied. Two members have died, one of massive pulmonary embolism and one of major mesenteric infarction secondary to mesenteric vein occlusion. A further individual has sustained major small bowel infarction secondary to mesenteric vein thrombosis but survived after two small bowel resections followed by anticoagulant therapy. Other members of the family have suffered from nonfatal thrombotic events particularly during pregnancy. 57 individuals representing several generations have been studied and will be presented. Levels of antithrombin III measured by functional assays correlated well with those of antithrombin III measured immunologically. 12 members of the family showed moderate to severe deficiency of antithrombin III, the occurrence of thrombotic symptoms correlating well with deficiency of this protein. Transmission of the disorder as an autosomal dominant disorder is confirmed in the patients studied and by historical evidence over many generations.

Phocanema decipiens (Nematoda: Anisakinae): experimental infections in marine copepods

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Gravid Female ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Cyclopoid Copepod ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Marine Copepods

Gravid female Phocanema decipiens were recovered from the stomachs of freshly killed harbour (Phoca vitulina) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). Ova dissected from the nematodes were incubated in seawater and the mean time to hatch varied from 8 days at 20 °C to 52 days at 5 °C. Posthatch survival of ensheathed larvae in seawater varied from 48 h at 20 °C to 140 days at 5 °C. Fifteen species of copepods collected from the North West Arm, Halifax, N.S., were exposed to freshly hatched larvae of P. decipiens. Exsheathed larvae of the parasite were subsequently detected in the haemocoel of 12 harpacticoid species including Danielsennia typica, Tisbe furcata, Ameira longipes, Enhydrosoma curticauda, and various undescribed species of the genera Halectinosoma, Tisbe, Alteutha, and Phyllothallestris and the family Diosaccidae. Phocanema decipiens also occurred in a cyclopoid copepod (Paracyclopina sp.) but calanoid copepods (Eurytemora sp. and Pseudocalanus sp.) did not become infected. The heaviest infections occurred in mature female copepods and prevalence and intensity of infection varied with host species. Adult male copepods and fifth copepodite females were lightly infected. Infected copepods survived for 3–7 days at 15 °C, 10–15 days at 10 °C, and 20–35 days at 5 °C. During the course of infection, larval P. decipiens grew an average of 60% and maximum of 130% in length but underwent little or no morphological change.

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular characterization of Gordionus alpestris (Nematomorpha) from the North-West Caucasus, Russia

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Spiridonov ◽  
V. Schmatko
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
High Level ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

AbstractDuring the survey of Pachyiulus krivolutskyi Golovatch, 1977 (Diplopoda) near Nickel’ in Adygei Republic (Russia) in the summer 2009 the infestation of these millipeds with nematomorphs of the species Gordionus alpestris was revealed. The morphology of naturally emerging nematomorphs was studied in SEM. The partial sequences of 18S (883 bp) and 28S (393 bp) rDNA PCR-products were obtained and analyzed. An unexpectedly high level of differences between Gordionus alpestris found in diplopods of North-West Caucasus and other molecularly studied representatives of the family Chordodidae was observed.

scholarly journals Platypalpus negrobovi a new species of the family Hybotidae (Diptera: Empidoidea) from the North-West Caucasus

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-163
Author(s):  
P. Grootaert ◽  
◽  
S.Yu. Kustov ◽  
I.V. Shamshev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

A view from the North

2019 ◽  
pp. 103-143
Author(s):  
Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Numeral Classifiers ◽  
North West ◽  
Number Words ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Gender

This chapter addresses the issue of coexistence of noun categorization devices within one language. Genders and other noun categorization devices—be they numeral classifiers, or other classifiers—are generally thought of as being relatively independent from one another. Co-existing and overlapping systems of genders and classifiers are cross-linguistically uncommon. The chapter shows that this is a feature of some Arawak languages from north-west Amazonia, two genders—feminine and non-feminine—are obligatorily marked on verbs and nouns, and demonstratives and other modifiers within a noun phrase. Classifiers used on number words, and in a variety of other contexts, categorize the noun in terms of its physical properties, and distinguish gender. Gender is thus integrated within the system of classifiers. Gender markers may co-occur with classifiers in one word. The chapter concludes that gender distinctions and gender markers are uniform across the Arawak language family, and can be reconstructed for the proto-language. The chapter proposes that classifiers may have developed separately in each subgroup within the family.

Walter Norman Haworth, 1883-1950

1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 373-404 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Later Life ◽  
Local School ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
The Family ◽  
Organic Chemist ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Design And Manufacture ◽  
Early Training

The death of Sir Norman Haworth on 19 March 1950 removed from our midst a most distinguished organic chemist whose strong and vigorous personality had a profound influence on scientific research and education. The family to which he belonged was well known and highly respected in the north-west of England, where it had been represented in the course of several generations by a succession of business and professional men, notably lawyers and churchmen. Walter Norman Haworth, the second son and fourth child of Thomas and Hannah Haworth, was born at Chorley, in the county of Lancaster, on 19 March 1883. His father was manager of Rylands factory in that town and after attending the local school up to the age of fourteen, Walter Norman joined his father at Rylands where he began to learn the trade of linoleum design and manufacture. The work required a knowledge of the use of dyestuffs and in later life Haworth was wont to attribute to this early training his first interest in chemistry and that instinct for business-like methods which remained with him throughout his life.

The Big Ash forest, Wallaby Creek, Victoria— changes during one lifetime

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Tree Fern ◽  
Eucalyptus Regnans ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Type C ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Riparian Communities

In 1949 the area of mature Eucalyptus regnans F.Muell1 (the Big Ash) on the Hume Range, Victoria, was a largely even-aged 230-year-old forest with a component of the overstorey derived from a fire in 1851. Subsequent fires have resulted in patchy regeneration where suitable gaps in the overstorey were present. In 1949 three main types of the understorey were present: type A, mature Pomaderris aspera; type B, dense immature Pomaderris aspera; and type C, coppiced Olearia argophylla and Bedfordia arborescens. In type A, ground fern was patchy and statistically correlated with patches of lower density Pomaderris aspera. Over a period of 48 years the eucalypt overstorey has been depleted by death and windthrow while understorey trees and shrubs have been severely damaged by sporadic heavy snowfalls and insect and fungal attack. The type A understorey is now showing signs of changing to Olearia argophylla dominance and the cover of ground fern and tree fern strata has doubled to more than 80% over this period in spite of damage caused by infrequent, but severe, droughts. The type B understorey is now mature and resembles type A, while the type C understorey shows invasion by Pomaderris aspera and regeneration of Olearia argophylla. No successful establishment of E. regnans has occurred. The rainforest in the gullies consists of alternating patches of forest and tree fern groves, the latter, together with rotting logs and upthrown root balls, providing niches for rainforest tree establishment. In swampy flats of Leptospermum grandifolium on the plateau Atherosperma moschatum is becoming increasingly dominant. Atherosperma moschatum is also invading mature understorey adjacent to riparian communities. This species and Olearia argophylla may constitute the final stage of the long secondary succession after fire in the Big Ash area. However, the Hume Range is adjacent to drier foothills and plains to the north, west and south. Whether the Big Ash will be spared from fire in future centuries is very doubtful.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document