scholarly journals Natural history of Platypria (Platypria) hystrix (Fabricius, 1798) on Fabaceae host plants, with notes on other Platypria species in India (Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae, Hispini)

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1031 ◽  
pp. 59-84
Author(s):  
Sachin Ranade ◽  
Kaniyarikkal Divakaran Prathapan ◽  
Hemant V. Ghate ◽  
Caroline S. Chaboo
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
New Host ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
History Of

The leaf-beetle genus Platypria Guérin-Méneville, 1840 comprises two subgenera and 34 species (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Hispini). Host plants are documented for eight species and indicate mostly perennial species of Fabaceae and Rhamnaceae. Larvae and pupae have been documented for two Platypria species. This paper presents novel natural history data, based on a field study of populations of Platypria (Platypria) hystrix (Fabricius, 1798) on Erythrina stricta Roxb. and Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. in Kerala, south India and on Erythrina variegata L., Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maes. & S. Almeida and Mucuna pruriens (L) DC in Assam, northeast India. Three new Fabaceae hosts are reported for P. (P.) hystrix. Brief notes and new host records, based on field observations, are also provided for the other three species of Platypria in India – P. (P.) chiroptera Gestro, 1899, P. (P.) echidna Guérin-Méneville, 1840 and P. (P.) erinaceus (Fabricius, 1801). Platypria females slit the leaf to lay a single egg which is covered with secretions that harden as an ootheca, the egg covering in Cassidinaes. l. There are five larval stages, each with the typical ‘hispine’ mining form and behaviour – a flattened cream-coloured body, chitinised head capsule and claws, and feeding on mesophyll and leaving irregular blotch mines on the host leaves. Pupation occurs in an independent pupal mine and lasts about a week. These observations suggest new potential phylogenetic character hypotheses that can stimulate better data collection on leaf-mining Cassidinae and help resolve evolutionary patterns amongst these basal mining genera.

Natural history of Corythucha juglandis and Gargaphia tiliae (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in Ontario and Québec, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (04) ◽  
pp. 475-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Javahery
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Reproductive Diapause ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chorion Formation ◽  
New Generation

AbstractThe natural history of Corythucha juglandis (Fitch) and Gargaphia tiliae (Walsh) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) was studied in Ontario and Québec, Canada. These univoltine species overwinter as adults in leaf litter in a state of reproductive diapause and become active in April or May. They are specific to their host plants. Adults, eggs, and nymphs of both species were collected from the underside of leaves of host plants. The reproductive systems of both male and female, as well as eggs, nymphs, and operculum of the eggs of the two species, are described and illustrated. Fecundity, incubation period, development of nymphs, feeding, mating, and oviposition were studied. Mating was end-to-end at an angle of 35–40°. The reproductive potential, oviposition pattern, and site selection in the two species were investigated. Parental care of eggs and brood of G. tiliae is also reported and illustrated. Ocelli, true spermathecae, true egg micropyles, and true egg burster are absent in the two species. Fertilisation takes place before chorion formation. Adults, nymphs, and new generation aggregate on the underside of leaves of their host or nearby deciduous plants. In October they fly a short distance to overwintering sites within leaf litter.

The diversity and natural history of parasites

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-50
Author(s):  
Paul Schmid-Hempel
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
New Host ◽  
Complex Life Cycles ◽  
Parasitic Species ◽  
Parasitic Lifestyle ◽  
History Of

Parasites are more numerous than non-parasitic species and have evolved in virtually all groups of organisms, such as viruses, prokaryotes (bacteria), protozoa, fungi, nematodes, flatworms, acantocephalans, annelids, crustaceans, and arthropods (crustacea, mites, ticks, insects). These groups have adapted to the parasitic lifestyle in very many ways. Evolution towards parasitism has also followed different routes. Initial steps such as phoresy, followed by later consumption of the transport host, are plausible evolutionary routes. Alternatively, formerly free-living forms have become commensals before evolving parasitism. Complex life cycles with several hosts evolved by scenarios such as upward (adding a new host upwards in the food chain), downward, or lateral incorporation, driven by the advantage of extending growth phases within hosts and increasing fecundity. Examples are digenea; other parasites have added vectors to their life cycle.

Contributions to Lycodon zawi, a little-known colubrid snake (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 234-237
Author(s):  
Lal Biakzuala
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Breeding Habit ◽  
Distributional Range ◽  
History Of

Since the original description of Lycodon zawi almost two decades ago from Myanmar and Northeast India, little is known on the systematics, distributional range as well as the natural history of the species. Hence, this paper attempts to contribute updated information to enhance the genetic data, morphology, distributional records, and natural history on its feeding and the hitherto unknown breeding habit of this species from Mizoram State, Northeast India.

Notes on the Larva and Natural History of Lacosoma arizonicum Dyar (Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae) with New Host and Parasitoid Records

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. St Laurent ◽  
David L. Wagner ◽  
Lawrence E. Reeves ◽  
Akito Y. Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
New Host ◽  
History Of

The larval stages of Agabus elongatus (Gyll.) and A. wasastjernae (Sahib.) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders N. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe larval stages of Agabus elongatus (Gyllenhal, 1826) and A. wasastjernae (Sahlberg, 1824) are described from material from northern Sweden. Descriptions are given of all three larval instars based on reared specimens. Information is given on the natural history of the two species and characters are presented for the separation of these larvae from other described larvae of European Agabus.

scholarly journals Gall-inducing insects from Serra do Cabral, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Serra Coelho ◽  
Marco Antônio Alves Carneiro ◽  
Cristina Alves Branco ◽  
Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Terminal Branch ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Occurrence Patterns

Our goal was describe the gall richness through the characterization of their external shapes and occurrence patterns in their host plants from Parque Estadual da Serra do Cabral. In a universe of 34 families, 64 genera and 89 plant species, 47 gall-inducing insects in 21 families, 32 genera and 39 host plant species were recorded. The families, which hosted higher gall richness, were those with highest abundance. Asteraceae represented 33% of the species collected followed by Malpighiaceae 8% and Fabaceae 8%, each one concentrating 25%, 19% and 8% of gall-inducing insects, respectively. The organ most attacked was the leaf (51%), followed by the stem (42%) and the terminal branch (4%). Ninety-six percent (96%) of galls were glabrous. Only 25.5% of the galls described in our study have been already recorded in previous studies, reinforcing the need to increase the sampling effort toward a better understanding of the richness, distribution, and natural history of gall-inducing insects from Brazil.

Taxonomic Revision of the Obligate Plant-Ants of the Genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae), Associated with Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae) on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula

Sociobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Feldhaar ◽  
Ulrich Maschwitz ◽  
Brigitte Fiala
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
Se Asia ◽  
History Information ◽  
History Of

The taxonomy and natural history of ants of the genus Crematogaster Lund, 1831 (Crematogaster borneensis-group of the former subgenus Decacrema) obligately associated with myrmecophytic host-plants of the euphorb genus Macaranga are reviewed. Within this group of ants Crematogaster borneensis André, 1896 (with five subspecies and four varieties), Crematogaster captiosa Forel, 1910 as well as Crematogaster decamera Forel, 1910 have previously been described from SE Asia. Here we synonymise C. borneensis subsp. capax Forel, 1911, C. borneensis subsp. hosei Forel, 1911, C. borneensis subsp. sembilana Forel, 1911, and C. borneensis var. macarangae Viehmeyer, 1916 with C. borneensis André, 1896. Crematogaster borneensis var. harpyia Forel, 1911, C. borneensis var. insulsa Forel, 1911, C. borneensis subsp. symbia Forel, 1911, and C. borneensis subsp. novem Forel, 1911 are synonymised with C. captiosa Forel, 1910. In addition we describe five new species: C. claudiae sp. nov., C. hullettii sp. nov., C. linsenmairi sp. nov., C. maryatii sp. nov., and C. roslihashimi sp. nov.. Seven of these eight species are placed into two informal species subgroups based on queen morphology, life-history characters and a formerly published molecular phylogeny. Keys are provided for the identification of queens and workers, as well as natural history information on the eight ant species. The morphology of these Macaranga-associated Crematogaster (formerly Decacrema) species is compared to the only other three species described for this former subgenus in SE Asia, i.e. C. angulosa André, 1896, C. biformis André, 1892 and C. cephalotes Smith, 1857.

Rediscovery of Pseudosinopla canaliculus (Reed, 1898) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae) with comments on its tribal classification and biogeography of South American Blaudusini

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4317 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
MARIOM A. CARVAJAL ◽  
EDUARDO I. FAÚNDEZ ◽  
DAVID A. RIDER
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
South American ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tribal Classification

Although the knowledge of South American Acanthosomatidae has increased in the past decade, still little is known about the features or natural history of several genera. Pseudosinopla canaliculus (Reed, 1898) is a rare Acanthosomatid, known so far only from its type. In this work, rediscovery of P. canaliculus in the regions Araucania and Los Rios in Chile is reported. Part of the internal female genitalia is described. The classification of Pseudosinopla within the Acanthosomatidae is analyzed resulting in the genus being transferred from the Lanopini to Blaudusini. Additionally, the biogeography and phylogenetic relationships of the group are discussed. It is hypothesized that Pseudosinopla forms part of a Gondwanian relict. And that similarly to other heteropterans, the association among several acanthosomatids with Nothofagus Blume forests has shaped the evolutionary patterns of the group. Finally, a nomenclatural note on the Blaudusinae is provided. 

The larval stages of Ilybius angustior Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe larval stages of Ilybius angustior Gyll. are described from material from northern Sweden. Information is given on the natural history of the species and characters are provided to separate these larvae from other described larvae of European Ilybius.

scholarly journals Life cycle of Chlosyne lacinia saundersii (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) on Tithonia tubaeformis (Jacq.) Cass. under controlled laboratory conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Graciela C. Gómez ◽  
María L. Fernández Salinas ◽  
María J. Barrionuevo
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Honey Solution ◽  
Life Cycle Duration

Chlosyne lacinia saundersii (Doubleday) is a polyphagous lepidopteran that produces a great defoliation in its host plants. The objective of this work was to determine the development and survival time of C. lacinia saundersii and to report aspects of its natural history on “Cuban grass” Tithonia tubaeformis (Jacq.) Cass. (Asteraceae). Caterpillars from the field were kept in cages in a rearing chamber under controlled conditions and fed with leaves of T. tubaeformis until adults’ emergence. To the latter, a honey solution and T. tubaeformis flowers was given. The life cycle duration was 48 days (egg: 8.0 days; larva: 24.9; pupa: 6.9 days; adult: 8.3 days) with six larval stages. The survival of each stage of development was high (> 70%) but considering the period from egg to pupa, only 52% of the individuals reached adulthood. Larval gregariousness was observed. In relation to the sexes there is a predominance of females (1.1:1). Female pupae were heavier than males. This work represents the first contribution to the knowledge of the biology of C. lacinia saundersii under laboratory conditions on T. tubaeformis. Cuban grass is confirmed as a new alternative host plant for C. lacinia saundersii

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