scholarly journals A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia – Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 860 ◽  
pp. 183-306
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Anne Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Gorgonian Coral ◽  
Colony Form ◽  
As Species ◽  
Research Collection ◽  
Taxonomic Confusion ◽  
Work Family

Alcyonacean (Gorgonian) coral species from Holaxonia (not previously reviewed in this three-part work), family Plexauridae, as well as species in Calcaxonia were reviewed. Specimens examined were collected from the California Bight and adjacent areas, many now held in the research collection of the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History (SBMNH). The collection has incorporated numerous specimens collected by the Allan Hancock Foundation (AHF) ‘Velero’ Expeditions of 1931–1941 and 1948–1985. This historic collection displays an emphasis on species belonging to the Holaxonia, particularly gorgoniids and plexaurids. This third part of the larger work presented a thorough, in-depth discussion of at least one genus (Swiftia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) in the Plexauridae found within the California Bight that has generated some taxonomic confusion; in that discussion are comments on other genera (such as Psammogorgia Verrill, 1868a, to which several species had been previously ascribed). The discussion of Swiftia includes description of a morphological trend (encompassing colony form, color and sclerite form), likely influenced by geography and ecology, not noted or discussed previously. Additionally, a preliminary discussion of the genus (Thesea Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860) was presented; this genus, both historically and currently, has not been fully examined in California waters. Finally, a short review was given for the few species of Calcaxonia represented in the SBMNH research collection. This paper, Part III of the full review, continued and concludes the systematic examination of species represented in the SBMNH research collection begun in Part I, continued in Part II, focusing on all species of gorgonian coral held in the SBMNH research collection, known to currently inhabit the California Bight and adjacent areas.

scholarly journals A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia – Part II: Species of Holaxonia, families Gorgoniidae and Plexauridae

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 860 ◽  
pp. 67-182
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Anne Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Gorgonian Coral ◽  
The Family ◽  
Research Collection ◽  
A New Species

Gorgonian coral specimens from the Holaxonia, families Gorgoniidae and Plexauridae held in the collection of the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History (SBMNH) were reviewed and evaluated for species identification. The specimens were collected from within, and adjacent areas of, the California Bight. The SBMNH collection has encompassed within it a large percentage of specimens collected by the Allan Hancock Foundation (AHF) ‘Velero’ Expeditions of 1931–1941 and 1948–1985. This historic collection displays an emphasis on species belonging to the Holaxonia, particularly the gorgoniids and plexaurids; thus, this second part presents a thorough discussion of well-known genera from within the California Bight, with more extensive discussions of several genera that have historically, and currently, led to confusion (and thus, misidentification). A brief discussion of a California Bight grouping, referred to within as the “red whips,” is presented; this grouping encompasses several species with very similar colony appearance across a number of genera. Two species, the gorgoniid Leptogorgiachilensis (Verrill, 1868) and the plexaurid Chromoplexauramarki (Kükenthal, 1913) each required the designation of a neotype from within the collection. A new species in the genus Eugorgia Verrill, 1868, a whip or thread-like form belonging to the family Gorgoniidae, is described. One additional plexaurid genus (Placogorgia) is discussed, a genus not commonly reported for the California Bight region. This is the first comprehensive work, in three parts, focusing on all species of gorgonian coral known to inhabit the California Bight. This paper, Part II of the full work, continues the systematic review of all species represented in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection begun in Part I.

scholarly journals A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, and Calcaxonia – Part I: Introduction, species of Scleraxonia and Holaxonia (Family Acanthogorgiidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 860 ◽  
pp. 1-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Anne Horvath
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Gorgonian Coral ◽  
Southern Boundary ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
Research Collection ◽  
Historic Significance ◽  
North And South

Gorgonian specimens collected from the California Bight (northeastern Pacific Ocean) and adjacent areas held in the collection of the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History (SBMNH) were reviewed and evaluated for species identification; much of this material is of historic significance as a large percentage of the specimens were collected by the Allan Hancock Foundation (AHF) ‘Velero’ Expeditions of 1931–1941 and 1948–1985. Examination and reorganization of this collection began early in 2002; initially, it was estimated that at most, twelve to fifteen species of gorgonian could be found within the Bight. Following collection evaluation, it was determined that at a minimum, approximately twenty three genera, encompassing some forty-plus species, of gorgonian coral have been found living within the California Bight region, often extending some distance into adjacent geographical areas both north and south. All species from the California Bight in the collection are discussed to some degree (in three separate parts, this being Part I), with digital images of both colony form and sclerite composition provided for most. Collection specimens from the suborders and families covered in Part I are not extensive, but several genera are featured that have not been previously reported for the California Bight region. Additionally, a potential new species (genusSibogagorgiaStiasny, 1937) from the Paragorgiidae is described in Part I. Overall, the collection displays an emphasis on species belonging to the Holaxonia, particularly the plexaurids. A brief discussion of a California Bight grouping, referred to as the “red whips,” is presented in Part II; this grouping encompasses several species with very similar colony appearance across a number of genera. A new species (a whip or thread-like form) in the genusEugorgiaVerrill, 1868, belonging to the Gorgoniidae, is described in Part II. The genusSwiftiaDuchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 is one of the most challenging taxon groups represented; those species in the genusSwiftiacollected within the California Bight are discussed fully, based on SBMNH (and other) specimens in Part III. Scanning electron microscopy images for species ofSwiftiafrom the California coast have rarely, if ever, been published and are included, with a discussion of the geographic range of the genus in the eastern Pacific, from the southern boundary of the California Bight to the Bering Sea, Alaska. Finally, specimens of the genusTheseaDuchassaing & Michelotti, 1860, displaying a whip or thread-like body form, are discussed at a preliminary level in Part III; they also presented challenges to a clear understanding of their taxonomy. While Part I focuses on species of Scleraxonia and those of the Holaxonia in the Acanthogorgiidae family held in the SBMNH collection, all three parts taken together represent the first comprehensive work that reviews the research collection of SBMNH, which focuses on species of gorgonian coral known to inhabit the California Bight.

Joseph Sidebotham: vicissitudes of a Victorian collector

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Species Limits ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Natural History Collections ◽  
As Species ◽  
Scientific World

Joseph Sidebotham (1824–1885) was a Manchester cotton baron whose natural history collections are now in the Manchester Museum. In addition to collecting he suggested a method for identifying and classifying Lepidoptera and investigated variation within species as well as species limits. With three close collaborators, he is credited with discovering many species new to Britain in both Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. A suspicion of fraud attaches to these claims. The evidence is not clear-cut in the Lepidoptera, but a possible reason is suggested why Sidebotham, as an amateur in the increasingly professional scientific world, might have engaged in deceit.

scholarly journals The Columbellid species of the northeast Pacific coast from the Aleutian Islands to Cedros Island, Baja California (Neogastropoda: Columbellidae)

Zoosymposia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-183
Author(s):  
MARTA J. DEMAINTENON
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Aleutian Islands ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Marine Snails ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Cedros Island

The neogastropod family Columbellidae is a diverse cosmopolitan group of small marine snails, with its greatest diversity in the tropics. They are represented in high latitudes, but the columbellid fauna of higher latitudes tends to be much less well documented. The present paper documents the nearshore columbellid fauna of the northeastern Pacific Ocean, from the Aleutian Islands to Cedros Island, near the dividing point between Baja California and Baja California Sur. It is based on work by J.H. McLean, and completed posthumously. Examination of the regional columbellid collections in the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County and the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History has resulted in 24 species in eight genera, of which four new species and one new genus are described herein. The present paper focuses on dry shell material.

Ancient Population Centers of Santa Rosa Island

1951 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil C. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Ancient Population ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Natural Surface ◽  
Indian Village ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Santa Rosa Island

As a result of work on Santa Rosa Island during 1947-1950, the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History has completed a survey which includes 142 ancient Indian village sites. On the California mainland intensive cultivation, construction and pot-hunting have pretty well eliminated the natural surface conditions of Indian sites, but on Santa Rosa Island, due to its isolation, there are many sites untouched by modern man. Consequently, it was possible to set up a system of classification of the sites undisturbed by civilization on a basis of natural physical conditions.

scholarly journals Research on chromium and arsenic speciation in atmospheric particulate matter: short review

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 01026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nocoń ◽  
Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska ◽  
Kamila Widziewicz
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
As Species

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) plays an important role in the distribution of elements in the environment. The PM-bound elements penetrates into the other elements of the environment, in two basic forms - those dissolved in the atmospheric precipitation and those permanently bound to PM particles. Those forms differs greatly in their mobility, thus posing a potential threat to living organisms. They can also be an immediate threat, while being inhaled. Chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) belong to the group of elements whose certain chemical states exhibit toxic properties, that is Cr(VI) and As(III). Thus, recognition of the actual threat posed by Cr and As in the environment, including those present in PM, is possible only through the in depth speciation analysis. Research on the Cr and As speciation in PM, more than the analogous studies of their presence in other compartments of the environment, have been undertaken quite rarely. Hence the knowledge on the speciation of PM-bound As and Cr is still limited. The state of knowledge in the field of PM-bound Cr and As is presented in the paper. The issues related to the characterization and occurrence of Cr and As species in PM, the share of Cr and As species mass in different PM size fractions, and in PM of different origin is also summarized. The analytical techniques used in the speciation analysis of PM-bound Cr and As are also discussed. In the existing literature there is no data on the physical characteristics of Cr and As (bound to a different PM size fractions), and thus it still lack of data needed for a comprehensive assessment of the actual environmental and health threat posed by airborne Cr and As.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document