scholarly journals SOME INTERESTING NOTES IN FOLLOW-UP ELECTROMYOGRAPHY OF THE PECTORALIS MAJOR MUSCLE IN A PATIENT WITH EXTENSIVE NERVE IMPAIRMENT OF THE PECTORALIS MUSCLE DUE TO THE MUSCLE CONSERVING OPERATION FOR BREAST CANCER

1993 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 936-938
Author(s):  
Kazunori TASHIRO ◽  
Kiyotaka KASHIMA ◽  
Masataka MORI ◽  
Masato FURUKAWA ◽  
Toshinori NAKATA
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Pectoralis Muscle

scholarly journals Breast cancer abutting the pectoralis major muscle on breast MRI: what are the clinical implications?

2021 ◽  
pp. 20201202
Author(s):  
Kelly S Myers ◽  
Erica Stern ◽  
Emily B Ambinder ◽  
Eniola T Oluyemi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Imaging Feature ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Pectoralis Muscle ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Muscle Invasion

Objectives: Defining the posterior extent of breast cancer prior to surgery has clinical implications. However, there are limited data available to guide the interpretation of breast cancers seen on MRI that abut the pectoralis muscle but lack associated muscle enhancement. Methods: In this retrospective study of breast MRIs performed between May 2008 and July 2019, 43 female patients demonstrated breast cancers abutting the pectoralis muscle without enhancement of the muscle itself. Imaging features of the cancers as well as pathologic and clinical outcomes were recorded. Statistical analyses of associations between imaging findings and clinical outcomes were performed using Fisher’s exact test, logistic regression, a Mann–Whitney U test and/or Student’s t-test. Results: The pectoralis major muscle was pathologically invaded by carcinoma in 4/43 (9.3%). There was no significant association between pectoralis muscle invasion and any MR imaging feature of the breast cancer. Tumors causing deformation of the muscle contour by MRI, tumors larger in size, tumors with a larger extent abutting the muscle and tumors in which the imaging feature abutting the muscle was a mass or non-mass enhancement (rather than a spicule) were more commonly seen in patients with muscle invasion, although these did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, a lack of pectoralis muscle enhancement by MRI did not exclude pathologic muscle invasion by breast cancers abutting the muscle. Advances in knowledge: Knowledge of the likelihood of pectoralis muscle involvement for breast cancers abutting the pectoralis muscle on MRI may guide accurate interpretation and definition of the posterior extent of disease.

scholarly journals A CASE OF NODULAR FASCIITIS OF THE PECTORALIS MAJOR MUSCLE FOLLOWING A LONG-TERM CLINICAL COURSE AND MASQUERADING BREAST CANCER

2009 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 3263-3266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi YAMAGIWA ◽  
Takayuki TAJIMA ◽  
Masato NAKAMURA ◽  
Masaya MUKAI ◽  
Sadaki INOKUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Nodular Fasciitis

scholarly journals Alterations in pectoralis muscle cell characteristics after radiation of the human breast in situ

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Wallner ◽  
Marius Drysch ◽  
Stephan A Hahn ◽  
Mustafa Becerikli ◽  
Fleming Puscz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Dna Microarray ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Free Flap ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients

ABSTRACT The life-time risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer is ~12%, hence breast cancer is by far the most common cancer among women. The multimodal treatment concept of breast cancer often intends radiation. The utilized ionizing radiation leads changes in the tissue resulting in tissue damage due to an alteration of molecular factors. The goal of this study was to identify the role of muscle-catabolic proteins after radiation of human pectoralis major muscles in situ. Tissue of the pectoralis major muscle was collected in 12 breast cancer patients after radiation (maximum 3 years after radiation) undergoing a deep inferior epigastric perforator free-flap breast reconstruction. At the same time, an intraindividual comparison to rectus abdominis muscle was carried out upon free-flap elevation. Immunological properties, cell proliferation, differentiation as well as the expression profile of the muscle tissue were investigated through immunohistological reactions, a DNA-microarray and histology. We found significantly increased neutrophil immigration in the radiated muscle tissue. At the same time, proteins responsible for muscular atrophy and apoptosis were significantly elevated in immunohistochemistry. A DNA microarray detected immunological upregulation and myo-differentiative disorders in radiated muscle tissue. This novel study investigating catabolism in radiated muscle in situ can serve as a basis for the treatment of radiation-accompanied muscle disorders.

Pectoralis muscle wasting during chemotherapy.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e24069-e24069
Author(s):  
Jason Wiederin ◽  
Christina Gu ◽  
Patricia Jewett ◽  
Anne Hudson Blaes
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Pectoralis Muscle ◽  
Muscle Loss ◽  
Muscle Area

e24069 Background: Chemotherapy is often followed by muscle mass loss which has been associated with frailty. We explored factors associated with change in pectoralis muscle mass after chemotherapy. We hypothesized greater muscle loss with time would be associated with poorer overall survival. Methods: We identified individuals with breast cancer (N = 221), sarcoma (N = 115), and lymphoma (N = 216) who received chemotherapy at the University of Minnesota MHealth Fairview and had CT scans before and after chemotherapy. Right pectoralis muscle area was measured using CORESLICER and indexed to body surface (right pectoralis muscle area [cm2] / body surface [m2]). We calculated quartiles of the indexed pectoralis measure. We restricted our analyses to participants who received a follow-up CT within two years after starting chemotherapy. In a multivariate linear regression, we explored associations of sex, age, BMI, ever-smoking, time since start of chemotherapy, indexed baseline muscle area, stage, type of diagnosis, and cumulative anthracycline dose with relative (%) change in muscle area. In a Cox regression we tested the association of relative muscle change with overall mortality. We used cubic splines to test for nonlinear effects. Results: Of 477 participants (66% female; mean age 61.3 (10.1) years), 366 received anthracyclines, 61 Trastuzumab, and 60 both. The average loss in right pectoral muscle area was -10% for women and -12% for men. We detected nonlinear effects of indexed baseline muscle area, P = 0.03. In a model using quartiles of indexed baseline muscle area, significant predictors of muscle loss included sex (women vs. men, -9.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -14.2- -3.7%, P = 0.0008), larger indexed baseline muscle area (quartiles 2, 3, 4 compared with quartile 1, change range -7 - -24%, 95% CI range, -2 - -30%, P-range < 0.0001 – 0.006), smoking (ever vs. never, -4.1%, 95% CI -7.6 - -0.7%, P = 0.02), and diagnosis (sarcoma vs breast cancer, -5.7%, 95% CI -11.1 - -0.3%, P = 0.04). There was no significant association between muscle change and overall survival (median follow-up time 4.1). Conclusions: Being female, larger baseline muscle mass (per m2 body surface), ever-smoking, and a sarcoma diagnosis were associated with greater relative muscle loss after chemotherapy. More data is needed to understand the course of sarcopenia in terms of recovery and survivorship. [Table: see text]

Breast and Pectoralis Muscle Hypoplasia

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (3P2) ◽  
pp. 759-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Perez Aznar ◽  
J. Urbano ◽  
E. Garcia Laborda ◽  
P. Quevedo Moreno ◽  
L. Ferrer Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Breast Size ◽  
Pectoralis Muscle ◽  
Clinical Expression ◽  
Poland’S Syndrome ◽  
Poland's Syndrome

Purpose: Poland's syndrome is a congenital and unilateral aplasia of the pectoralis major muscle (PMM), with other anomalies of the ipsilateral upper extremity. We present 6 cases in which the only clinical expression was asymmetry of the breasts associated with partial absence of the PMM. Material and Methods: We reviewed 95000 mammograms (obtained 1985–1995) to find patients with asymmetrical breast size. Where the asymmetry could not be ascribed to any other cause, the patients were recalled for an examination of the PMM which was conducted at rest and with active contraction of the muscle. Results: Unilateral volume reduction of the PMM was found in 5 women of whom 2 were studied with MR. A 6th case was a fortuitous finding in a male patient. Conclusion: Mild forms of Poland's syndrome are more frequent than severe forms, and may go undiagnosed. Hypoplasia of one breast or a horizontal anterior axillary fold may be the sole clinical manifestation of this syndrome.

scholarly journals Salvage of Infected Cardiac Implantable Electrical Devices with Subpectoral Plane Pocket Revision

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallab Chatterjee ◽  
Anuj Kumar Sharma ◽  
Pranay Pratap ◽  
Ajay Dabas ◽  
Bharat Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Electrical Devices ◽  
Total Muscle

Abstract Introduction Infection of cardiac implantable electrical devices (CIEDs) may lead to serious complications. Complete CIED explantation is expensive, requires expertise, not free from complications, and may not be an option in patients with device dependence. Aim To highlight that carefully selected infected CIEDs can be salvaged by placing the device in a subpectoral pocket below the pectoralis major muscle. We conducted a retrospective descriptive observational study. Material and Methods Twelve patients (10 male and two female) with erosion, exposure or infection of infraclavicular, subcutaneously placed CIED were treated over a 30-month period between July 2018 and December 2020. The technique involved debridement and excision of a peridevice capsule, creating a subpectoral pocket beneath the pectoralis major muscle, and placing the CIED in a new pocket with total muscle coverage and closure of skin without tension. Results Twelve patients (m = 10; f = 2) with a mean age of 65 years (range, 46–82 years) presented with infection of CIED within 9 months of implantation. None had sepsis or endocarditis. In nine patients, CIEDs were successfully salvaged with relocation to subpectoral pocket. Mean follow-up was 20 months (range, 8–30 months). Three out of 12 developed reinfection that ultimately required CIED explantation. There was no mortality. Conclusion In the absence of sepsis or endocarditis, infected CIEDs may be attempted at salvage by subpectoral pocket placement. This obviates the need for potentially risky explantation or replacement of expensive CIEDs.

scholarly journals Unilateral Four-Headed Pectoralis Muscle Major

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasheed Bani Hammad ◽  
Adel Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Pectoralis Muscle ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Caucasian Male ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Long Head

A unilateral four-headed pectoralis major muscle was observed on the left side of an 83 year-old Caucasian male cadaver. The accessory tendon arises from the lateral aspect of the pectoralis major muscle, travels along with the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii and blends into the capsule of the shoulder joint. This anomaly is rare. A complete or partial absence of pectoralis major muscle is normally reported. Additionally, supernumerary heads of muscles other than pectoralis major have been documented. However, the existence of an accessory tendon to the pectoralis major muscle is unique. The implications of such a finding are discussed.

scholarly journals Partial monopolar transfer of pectoralis major for elbow active flexion restoration in children with arthrogryposis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-416
Author(s):  
Olga E. Agranovich ◽  
Ekaterina V. Petrova ◽  
Sergey F. Batkin ◽  
Evgeniya I. Ermolovich ◽  
Igor A. Komolkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Active Flexion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Elbow Motion

BACKGROUND: One of the main problems that limited or made the self-ability of patients with arthrogryposis impossible is the lack of active elbow flexion due to hypoplasia (or aplasia) of the forearm flexors and, especially the m. biceps brachii. AIM: To evaluate the possibility of active forearm flexion restoration in children with arthrogryposis by partial monopolar transposition of the pectoralis major muscle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Elbow active flexion restoration by partial monopolar transposition of the pectoralis major muscle to biceps brachii was conducted in 34 children with arthrogryposis (39 upper limbs) from 2011 to 2020. The muscle autograft included a fragment of the fascia of the m. rectus abdominis. Clinical examinations of patients were performed before and after the operation. Statistical data processing was performed using the software packages Statistica 10 and SAS JMP 11. RESULTS: The follow-up results were estimated from 6 to 99 months (44.53 31.72) postoperative. The mean age of patients was 6.24 4.24 years. The active postoperative elbow motion was 0120 (71.94 33.40). The passive postoperative elbow motion did not change and was 90130 (104.12 12.40). Muscles strength after the operation was grade 25. Elbow extension was limited in 30 cases (76.9%) from 0 to 40 (21.70 12.27) without problem in the activities of daily living. Good results were determined in 15 cases (38.5%), satisfactory in 8 (20.5%), and poor in 16 (41%). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that our partial monopolar transfer of pectoralis major to biceps brachii technic restored sufficient forearm flexion and improved self-ability without forming severe elbow flexor contractures of more than half of the patients with arthrogryposis.

scholarly journals The pectoral-sternalis complex: an unusual case report

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 241-243
Author(s):  
M. Bala ◽  
D. Passi ◽  
S. Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Thoracic Wall ◽  
Pectoralis Muscle ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Unusual Case Report ◽  
Sternalis Muscle

AbstractA unilateral absence of sternocostal fibers of pectoralis major muscle with unilateral presence of sternalis muscle has been noticed in right side of an adult male cadaver during routine dissection. All slips of pectoralis major muscle as well sternalis muscle innervated by medial and lateral pectoral nerves. Absence of pectoralis major has been described extensively, both as an isolated anomaly, with varying levels of hypoplasia, and in association with congenital syndromes. But the partial hypoplasia of pectoralis muscle with compensatory presence of one of the rare muscle of anterior thoracic wall the sternalis muscle make this case as unique and rare. This finding adds to our existing knowledge for the origin of sternalis, an identity not explored fully yet. Awareness of anomalous pectoralis major musculature as well presence of sternalis muscle is important for reconstructive surgeons who perform mastectomy and for radiologists during interpretation of skiagrams.

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