Invariance entropy of hyperbolic control sets

Palm oil mill effluent (POME), a pollutant produced by the palm oil industry, was treated by the Vetiver system technology (VST). This technology was applied for the first time to treat POME in order to decrease biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In this study, two different concentrations of POME (low and high) were treated with Vetiver plants for 2 weeks. The results showed that Vetiver was able to reduce the BOD up to 90% in low concentration POME and 60% in high concentration POME, while control sets (without plant) only was able to reduce 15% of BOD. The COD reduction was 94% in low concentration POME and 39% in high concentration POME, while control just shows reduction of 12%. Morphologically, maximum root and shoot lengths were 70 cm, the number of tillers and leaves was 344 and 86, and biomass production was 4.1 kg m−2. These results showed that VST was effective in reducing BOD and COD in POME. The treatment in low concentration was superior to the high concentration. Furthermore, biomass of plant can be considered as a promising raw material for biofuel production while high amount of biomass was generated in low concentration of POME.

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Invariance Pressure of Control Sets

SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization ◽

10.1137/18m1191129 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 4130-4147 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fritz Colonius ◽

Joa͂o A. N. Cossich ◽

Alexandre J. Santana

Keyword(s):

Control Sets ◽

Invariance Pressure

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Developmental venous anomaly in adult patients with diffuse glioma

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000006690 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

pp. e55-e62 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Alexandre Roux ◽

Myriam Edjlali ◽

Sayuri Porelli ◽

Arnault Tauziede-Espariat ◽

Marc Zanello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

External Validation ◽

Adult Patients ◽

World Health ◽

Diffuse Glioma ◽

Developmental Venous Anomaly ◽

Venous Anomaly ◽

Control Sets ◽

Control Set ◽

Validation Set ◽

Health Organization

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of developmental venous anomaly in adult patients with diffuse glioma.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study (2010–2016) of consecutive adult patients harboring a supratentorial diffuse glioma in 2 centers: Sainte-Anne Hospital (experimental and control sets) and Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (external validation set). We included 219 patients with diffuse glioma (experimental set), 252 patients with brain metastasis (control set), and 200 patients with diffuse glioma (validation set). The inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years at diagnosis, histopathologic diagnosis of diffuse glioma according to the 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the CNS, surgery as first-line treatment without previous oncologic treatment, available presurgical MRI performed with similar acquisition protocol, and absence of a nodular-like or a ring-like pattern of contrast enhancement on MRI that may preclude the identification of a possible developmental venous anomaly within the glioma.ResultsWe found more developmental venous anomaly in the experimental set (21.5%) than in the control set (5.2%, p < 0.001). Similarly, we found more developmental venous anomaly in the validation set (23.5%) than in the control set (5.2%, p < 0.001). There was no difference in the developmental venous anomaly prevalence between the experimental and validation sets. The developmental venous anomaly distribution was not significantly associated with histopathologic, molecular, or imaging findings of the diffuse gliomas.ConclusionsWe report and replicate in an external cohort a high prevalence of developmental venous anomaly in adult patients with diffuse glioma, which suggests a potential underlying common predisposition or a causal relationship that requires deeper investigations.

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Geometry of Multiprimary Display Colors II: Metameric Control Sets and Gamut Tiling Color Control Functions

10.36227/techrxiv.14576325.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Rodriguez-Pardo ◽

Gaurav Sharma

Keyword(s):

Broad Class ◽

Convex Polytope ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Complete Characterization ◽

Mathematical Framework ◽

Control Functions ◽

Control Sets ◽

Multiple Alternative ◽

Color Control

<div>For multiprimary displays that have four or more primaries, a color may be reproduced using multiple alternative control vectors. We provide a complete characterization of the Metameric Control Set (MCS), i.e., the set of control vectors that reproduce a given color on the display. Specifically, we show that MCS is a convex polytope whose vertices are control vectors obtained from (parallelepiped) tilings of the gamut, i.e., the range of colors that the display can produce. The mathematical framework that we develop: (a) characterizes gamut tilings in terms of fundamental building blocks called facet spans, (b) establishes that the vertices of the MCS are fully characterized by the tilings of the gamut, and (c) introduces a methodology for the efficient enumeration of gamut tilings. The framework reveals the fundamental inter-relations between the geometry of the MCS and the geometry of the gamut developed in a companion Part I paper, and provides insight into alternative strategies for color control. Our characterization of tilings and the strategy for their enumeration also advance knowledge in geometry, providing new approaches and computational results for the enumeration of tilings for a broad class of zonotopes in R<sup>3</sup>.</div>

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Satellites and central galaxies in SDSS: the influence of interactions on their properties

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/staa3720 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 501 (1) ◽

pp. 1046-1058

Author(s):

Valeria Mesa ◽

Sol Alonso ◽

Georgina Coldwell ◽

Diego García Lambas ◽

J L Nilo Castellon

Keyword(s):

Star Formation ◽

Stellar Population ◽

Star Formation Rate ◽

Formation Rate ◽

Control Sample ◽

Stellar Populations ◽

Control Sets ◽

Central Galaxy ◽

Star Formation Activity ◽

Projected Distance

ABSTRACT We use SDSS-DR14 to construct a sample of galaxy systems consisting of a central object and two satellites. We adopt projected distance and radial velocity difference criteria and impose an isolation criterion to avoid membership in larger structures. We also classify the interaction between the members of each system through a visual inspection of galaxy images, finding ${\sim}80{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the systems lack evidence of interactions whilst the remaining ${\sim}20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ involve some kind of interaction, as inferred from their observed distorted morphology. We have considered separately, samples of satellites and central galaxies, and each of these samples were tested against suitable control sets to analyse the results. We find that central galaxies showing signs of interactions present evidence of enhanced star formation activity and younger stellar populations. As a counterpart, satellite samples show these galaxies presenting older stellar populations with a lower star formation rate than the control sample. The observed trends correlate with the stellar mass content of the galaxies and with the projected distance between the members involved in the interaction. The most massive systems are less affected since they show no star formation excess, possibly due to their more evolved stage and less gas available to form new stars. Our results suggest that it is arguably a transfer of material during interactions, with satellites acting as donors to the central galaxy. As a consequence of the interactions, satellite stellar population ages rapidly and new bursts of star formation may frequently occur in the central galaxy.

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