Is there a dose-response relation of dietary glycemic load to risk of type 2 diabetes? Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

ABSTRACT Background Epidemiologic studies have indicated that breakfast skipping is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the shape of the dose-response relation and the influence of adiposity on this association have not been reported. Objective We investigated the association between breakfast skipping and risk of type 2 diabetes by considering the influence of the body mass index (BMI). Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed and Web of Science were searched up to August 2017. Prospective cohort studies on breakfast skipping and risk of type 2 diabetes in adults were included. Summary RRs and 95% CIs, without and with adjustment for BMI, were estimated with the use of a random-effects model in pairwise and dose-response meta-analyses. Results In total 6 studies, based on 96,175 participants and 4935 cases, were included. The summary RR for type 2 diabetes comparing ever with never skipping breakfast was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.22, 1.46, n = 6 studies) without adjustment for BMI, and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.34, n = 4 studies) after adjustment for BMI. Nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis indicated that risk of type 2 diabetes increased with every additional day of breakfast skipping, but the curve reached a plateau at 4–5 d/wk, showing an increased risk of 55% (summary RR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.41, 1.71). No further increase in risk of type 2 diabetes was observed after 5 d of breakfast skipping/wk (P for nonlinearity = 0.08). Conclusions This meta-analysis provides evidence that breakfast skipping is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, and the association is partly mediated by BMI.

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Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Body Mass Index and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab055_063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1253-1253

Author(s):

Maria Tinajero ◽

Sarah Jarvis ◽

Jiayue Yu ◽

Tauseef Khan ◽

Vasanti Malik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Dose Response ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Linear Dose ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies

Abstract Objectives The association between body mass index (BMI) and total body adiposity differs across ethnic groups. For instance, South Asians (SA) and East Asians (EA) have lower body fat for a given BMI level than Europeans, while the opposite is true for African-Caribbeans (AC). This suggests that the relationship between BMI and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk may also vary depending on ethnicity. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate whether the association between BMI and the risk of T2D differs across ethnic groups. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched up to July 2020. We included prospective cohort studies of >2 years, which investigated the association between BMI and T2D incidence among adults of a specified ethnicity. Linear and non-linear dose-response meta-analyses were performed using random effects models, with subgroup analyses by ethnicity. The heterogeneity among studies was estimated using the Cochran Q test and I2 statistic. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results 54 studies were included. Cohorts were stratified into the following ethnic subgroups: AC (N = 67,453), EA (N = 1,012,135), European (N = 206,424), Indigenous (N = 10,533), Latin American (LA) (N = 4,669), SA (N = 9,395), and Southeast Asian (SEA) (N = 51,129). Linear dose-response associations between 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI and T2D were observed for the SEA (RR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.10, 1.30) and SA (RR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.19) subgroups with no evidence of departure from linearity. Associations departed from linearity for all other subgroups. At a BMI level of 30 kg/m2, the non-linear dose-response curves for each of the other subgroups displayed the following risk ratios; AC: RR = 3.13 (95% CI, 1.95, 5.02), EA: RR = 2.39 (95% CI, 1.96, 2.92), European: RR = 7.41 (95% CI, 3.88, 14.18), Indigenous: RR = 8.15 (95% CI, 6.07; 10.95), and LA: RR = 12.82 (95% CI, 5.50, 29.92). For all subgroups, there was a high degree of interstudy heterogeneity (I2 > 75%). Conclusions Our findings indicated that the association between BMI and the risk of T2D differs across ethnic groups, suggesting that ethnic-specific BMI cut-offs could be helpful in identifying cardiometabolic risk profiles across different populations. Funding Sources Canadian Institutes for Health Research.

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Potassium measurements and risk of type 2 diabetes: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Oncotarget ◽

10.18632/oncotarget.21823 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (59) ◽

pp. 100603-100613 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yang Peng ◽

Guo-Chao Zhong ◽

Qiao Mi ◽

Kejia Li ◽

Ao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Dose Response ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies

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RETRACTED: Nut consumption with risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1177/2047487313501120 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (13) ◽

pp. NP6-NP15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kai Guo ◽

Yibo Jiang ◽

Zhiwen Zhou ◽

Yigang Li

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Random Effects ◽

Dose Response ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies

Background The consumption of nuts was reported to be associated with risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the results were inconclusive. The aim of this study was to systematically examine longitudinal studies investigating nut intake in relation to risk of hypertension and T2DM. Methods A systematic search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases to 31 March 2013 was performed. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also screened. Summary relative risks (SRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Q and I2 statistics were used to examine between-study heterogeneity. Results A total of nine prospective cohort studies (three for hypertension and six for T2DM) were identified. Using random effects models, we found that based on the highest vs lowest analysis, nut consumption were inversely associated with risk of hypertension (SRR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.76–0.93, pheterogeneity = 0.831, I2 = 0%). Dose-response analyses indicated that nut consumption at more than two servings/wk, but not ne serving/wk, had a preventative role in the hypertension. In addition, nut consumption was not associated with risk of T2DM (SRRs = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.84–1.15; pheterogeneity = 0.008, I2 = 67.7%) on the basis of the highest vs lowest analysis. This null association was also shown in the dose-response analysis. Conclusion In our meta-analysis, nut consumption is found to be inversely associated with hypertension risk but is not associated with the risk of T2DM.

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