scholarly journals A Note on the Population Structure of Leopards (Panthera pardus) in South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Tensen ◽  
Dick Roelofs ◽  
Lourens H. Swanepoel
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Panthera Pardus

scholarly journals Unusually High Predation on Chacma Baboons(Papio ursinus)by Female Leopards(Panthera pardus)in the Waterberg Mountains, South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (3-6) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jooste ◽  
R.T. Pitman ◽  
W. van Hoven ◽  
L.H. Swanepoel
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Papio Ursinus ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Chacma Baboons

scholarly journals Increasing game prices may alter farmers’ behaviours towards leopards (Panthera pardus) and other carnivores in South Africa

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara J. Pirie ◽  
Rebecca L. Thomas ◽  
Mark D.E. Fellowes
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Trophy Hunting ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Game Animals

Human-carnivore conflict occurs globally, particularly in regions where large carnivores predate livestock. Retaliatory killings do occur, and although predation of livestock by carnivores happens, losses from other factors such as disease or injury can be misattributed because of landowner perceptions. Game farming for both trophy hunting and eco-tourism is becoming increasingly common in South Africa, and there has been a rapid increase in the cost of game animals (in some species as much as five-fold) between 2010 and 2015. This could result in an increase in conflict between commercial game farmers and carnivores. We conducted two questionnaire surveys of farmers in 2010 and 2015 to investigate this. We asked if there had been changes in farming practices, perceived predator activity, perceived amount of livestock and commercial game losses, and actions taken towards carnivores in a South African farming community. We found no significant change in farming types in the area or losses of livestock between the years. However, there was a significant increase in perceived commercial game losses reported, even though protection of game had increased. Actions taken towards carnivores by livestock/game farmers were also significantly more negative in 2015 compared to farmers growing crops, but there was no such difference in 2010. We suggest that these changes could be a result of the increase in game prices over that period, leading to greater financial losses when an animal is predated, which in turn could increase the likelihood of retaliatory killings of carnivores.

The distribution and population structure ofAloe pillansiiin South Africa in relation to climate and elevation

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
COSMAN BOLUS ◽  
TIMM HOFFMAN ◽  
SIMON TODD ◽  
ELSABÈ POWELL ◽  
HOWARD HENDRICKS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Population Structure

The quantitative use of parasite data in multistock modelling of South African sardine (Sardinops sagax)

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1895-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carryn L. de Moor ◽  
Douglas S. Butterworth ◽  
Carl D. van der Lingen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
South African ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Stock Structure ◽  
The West ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Length Data ◽  
Stock Mixing

Differences in parasite infection have previously been used to distinguish between fish stocks. We demonstrate a novel use of parasite prevalence-by-length data to inform quantitatively on stock mixing. An initial two mixing stock hypothesis proved consistent with biological and survey data, suggesting that there are different stocks of sardine off the west and south coasts of South Africa. That hypothesis assumed that only recruits moved from the west to the south stock. However, new “tetracotyle”-type metacercarian parasite bio-tag data indicate a need to allow older fish to move between the stocks as well. We demonstrate extension of bio-tagging to inform on the plausibility of population structure hypotheses by including parasite prevalence-by-length data in the model’s likelihood. Our method enables the estimation of the magnitude of mixing between semidiscrete stocks, providing more precise estimates of annual movement. Such improved precision may be important in better informing future movement hypotheses and thereby management. Our research provides a framework to use to inform quantitatively on stock structure and movement hypotheses for other fish species with bio-tagging data.

scholarly journals Morpho-agronomic and genetic variation among Phaseolus vulgaris landraces from selected provinces of South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valencia Vuyisile Ndlangamandla ◽  
Nontuthuko Rosemary Ntuli
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
South African ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
High Level ◽  
Clustering Pattern ◽  
Or Genes

Abstract Key message The morpho-agronomic and genetic studies recorded variations in vegetative and reproductive traits, and in molecular information through population structure and clustering approaches among South African Phaseolus vulgaris landraces. Abstract Phaseolus vulgaris L., commonly known as common beans, is widely used for its edible leaves, immature pods, and dry seeds. Studies on variation in morphology and genetics among P. vulgaris landraces are limited in South Africa. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the morpho-agronomic and genetic variations among P. vulgaris landraces. Thirty-eight landraces from different agro-ecological origins, planted in a randomized complete block design, had their variation in vegetative and reproductive traits determined. These landraces were studied for their genetic diversity using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The landraces were clustered in a biplot and dendrogram based on their seed coats, shape, similar morpho-agronomic traits, and their areas of origin. A total of 57 alleles were produced with a mean of 3.64 per SSR locus. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.00 to 0.58. The population structure had the highest delta value K = 2, thus the 38 landraces were divided into two subpopulations based on the Bayesian approach. The population structure showed an overlap among the landraces as several from the Mesoamerican carried some seed traits or genes from the Andean gene pool, and showed a high level of admixtures. The principal coordinate analysis and the dendrogram had a similar clustering pattern as the population structure. This study revealed the potential markers with high diversity that can be used to determine genetically homogenous/heterogeneous landraces. Therefore, the use of PV-ctt001, PV-ag001, and PV-at003 could be beneficial in future breeding, conservation, and marker-assisted selection studies.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of two subspecies of western honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in the Republic of South Africa as revealed by microsatellite genotyping

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8280
Author(s):  
Amin Eimanifar ◽  
Johanna T. Pieplow ◽  
Alireza Asem ◽  
James D. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Molecular Ecology ◽  
Apis Mellifera Capensis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Invasive Pests ◽  
The Republic

Apis mellifera scutellata and Apis mellifera capensis, two native subspecies of western honey bees in the Republic of South Africa (RSA), are important to beekeepers in their native region because beekeepers use these bees for honey production and pollination purposes. Additionally, both bees are important invasive pests outside of their native ranges. Recently, whole mitogenome sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphisms were used to study their genetic diversity. To add to our knowledge of the molecular ecology of both bees, we tested the ability of microsatellites to be used as a tool to discriminate between A.m. capensis and A.m. scutellata. We analyzed the genetic variability and overall population structure of both bee subspecies and hybrids of the two by genotyping individuals collected from RSA (N = 813 bees from 75 apiaries) at 19 microsatellite DNA loci. Overall, populations averaged between 9.2 and 11.3 alleles per locus, with unbiased heterozygosity values ranging from 0.81 to 0.86 per population. Bayesian clustering analyses revealed two distinct evolutionary units, though the results did not match those of earlier morphometric and molecular analyses. This suggests that the microsatellites we tested were not sufficient for subspecies identification purposes, especially for Cape and hybrid bees. Nevertheless, the microsatellite data highlight the considerable genetic diversity within both populations and a larger-than-expected hybridization zone between the natural distributions of A.m. capensis and A.m. scutellata.

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