The quantitative use of parasite data in multistock modelling of South African sardine (Sardinops sagax)

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1895-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carryn L. de Moor ◽  
Douglas S. Butterworth ◽  
Carl D. van der Lingen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
South African ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Stock Structure ◽  
The West ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Length Data ◽  
Stock Mixing

Differences in parasite infection have previously been used to distinguish between fish stocks. We demonstrate a novel use of parasite prevalence-by-length data to inform quantitatively on stock mixing. An initial two mixing stock hypothesis proved consistent with biological and survey data, suggesting that there are different stocks of sardine off the west and south coasts of South Africa. That hypothesis assumed that only recruits moved from the west to the south stock. However, new “tetracotyle”-type metacercarian parasite bio-tag data indicate a need to allow older fish to move between the stocks as well. We demonstrate extension of bio-tagging to inform on the plausibility of population structure hypotheses by including parasite prevalence-by-length data in the model’s likelihood. Our method enables the estimation of the magnitude of mixing between semidiscrete stocks, providing more precise estimates of annual movement. Such improved precision may be important in better informing future movement hypotheses and thereby management. Our research provides a framework to use to inform quantitatively on stock structure and movement hypotheses for other fish species with bio-tagging data.

‘Burn it down!’: Materialising intersectional solidarities in the architecture of the South African Embassy during the London Poll Tax Riot, March 1990

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Brown
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Working Class ◽  
South African ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Metropolitan Police ◽  
Trafalgar Square ◽  
Poll Tax

This paper offers a new way of conceptualising how intersectional solidarities are actualised. It recounts and theorises an outbreak of radical internationalism, when working class struggles in Britain and South Africa were unexpectedly linked. It examines how intersectional solidarity was materialised through a process of coming together against the architectural fabric of the South African Embassy and considers the interwoven temporalities that enabled this action to occur. On 31 March 1990, nearly a quarter of a million people demonstrated in London against the Poll Tax that was due to take effect in England and Wales the following day. On the day, the Metropolitan Police lost control of an already enraged crowd and provoked a large scale riot that engulfed the West End of London for several hours. In the midst of the riot, during a short retreat by the police, protesters took the opportunity to attack the South African Embassy in Trafalgar Square – many windows were broken and an attempt was made to set the building alight. Drawing on interviews with former anti-apartheid protesters who were present on that day (and who had concluded a four-year long Non-Stop Picket of the embassy a month earlier), this paper explores and analyses their memories of that unexpected moment when their previously symbolic call to ‘burn it down’ was (almost) materialised. In doing so, it contributes new ways of conceptualising the spatiality and temporality of intersectional solidarity.

scholarly journals Morpho-agronomic and genetic variation among Phaseolus vulgaris landraces from selected provinces of South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valencia Vuyisile Ndlangamandla ◽  
Nontuthuko Rosemary Ntuli
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
South African ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
High Level ◽  
Clustering Pattern ◽  
Or Genes

Abstract Key message The morpho-agronomic and genetic studies recorded variations in vegetative and reproductive traits, and in molecular information through population structure and clustering approaches among South African Phaseolus vulgaris landraces. Abstract Phaseolus vulgaris L., commonly known as common beans, is widely used for its edible leaves, immature pods, and dry seeds. Studies on variation in morphology and genetics among P. vulgaris landraces are limited in South Africa. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the morpho-agronomic and genetic variations among P. vulgaris landraces. Thirty-eight landraces from different agro-ecological origins, planted in a randomized complete block design, had their variation in vegetative and reproductive traits determined. These landraces were studied for their genetic diversity using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The landraces were clustered in a biplot and dendrogram based on their seed coats, shape, similar morpho-agronomic traits, and their areas of origin. A total of 57 alleles were produced with a mean of 3.64 per SSR locus. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.00 to 0.58. The population structure had the highest delta value K = 2, thus the 38 landraces were divided into two subpopulations based on the Bayesian approach. The population structure showed an overlap among the landraces as several from the Mesoamerican carried some seed traits or genes from the Andean gene pool, and showed a high level of admixtures. The principal coordinate analysis and the dendrogram had a similar clustering pattern as the population structure. This study revealed the potential markers with high diversity that can be used to determine genetically homogenous/heterogeneous landraces. Therefore, the use of PV-ctt001, PV-ag001, and PV-at003 could be beneficial in future breeding, conservation, and marker-assisted selection studies.

scholarly journals Archetypal kimberlite from the Maniitsoq region, southern West Greenland and analogy to South Africa

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troels F.D. Nielsen ◽  
Martin Jebens ◽  
Sven M. Jensen ◽  
Karsten Secher
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
The West ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Ultramafic Lamprophyre ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Indicator Mineral

Ultramafic dyke rocks with kimberlitic megacrysts and mantle nodules have been known for decades from the northern part of the Archaean block and adjacent Proterozoic terranes in southern West Greenland (Fig. 1; Escher & Watterson 1973; Goff 1973; Scott 1981; Larsen & Rex 1992; Mitchell et al. 1999). Some of the dykes have proved to be diamondiferous (see Jensen et al. 2004a, b, for exploration results, diamond contents, and references). The c. 600 Ma old dykes werecalled ‘kimberlitic’ by Larsen & Rex (1992), but Mitchell et al. (1999) concluded that they were best referred to a ‘carbonatiteultramafic lamprophyre’ suite (aillikites or melnoites). Mitchell et al. (1999) further suggested that the West Greenland province represents “one of the few bona fide examples of ultramafic lamprophyre which contain diamonds”. Reports on indicator mineral assemblages (Jensen et al. 2004b) and diamond contents (e.g. Hudson Resources Inc. 2005) have re-opened the discussion on the classification of the dykes. The results of an investigation of the Majuagaa dyke (Nielsen & Jensen 2005) are summarised below, together with the preliminary results of a regional investigation of the groundmass minerals of the dykes. It is concluded that dykes in the Maniitsoq region are similar to archetypal, South African, on-craton, Type 1 kimberlites, and that all regions of the West Greenland province of ultramafic magmatism are favourable for diamond exploration.

scholarly journals The South African nursing council: 50 years of professional self-regulation

Curationis ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Kotzé
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Council Meeting ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Professional Self

Self-regulation of the professions of nursing and midwifery became a reality in South Africa on 8 November 1944, when the first council meeting of the South African Nursing Council took place in Pretoria. Most appropriately, the opening speaker on this occasion was Mr Harry Gordon Lawrence, the Minister of Welfare and Demobilization, who had piloted the Nursing Act, No.45 of 1944, through Parliament. Exactly 50 years later, on 8 November 1994 the Council held its 108th meeting, this time in its own building, with a magnificent view of the venue where that historic first meeting took place - the west wing of the Union buildings.

INDOOR RADON MEASUREMENTS FOR THE SOUTH AFRICAN WEST COAST PENINSULA

2020 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Rikus le Roux ◽  
Jacques Bezuidenhout ◽  
Hennie Smit
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
The West ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Radon Measurements ◽  
Radon Concentrations

Abstract Granite commonly contains high concentrations of uranium, with consequent high exhalation of radon. The geology of the West Coast peninsula of South Africa is dominated by granite, and a recent article predicted potentially high indoor radon concentrations in this region’s two largest towns, Vredenburg and Saldanha. This research aimed to measure indoor radon levels in these towns. Measurements were first done for a minimum of 3 d during warmer months, with houses typically being more ventilated. Thirty-four homes in Vredenburg and 27 in Saldanha were measured, and the average indoor radon determined to be 40 and 58 Bq m−3, respectively. The measurements were then repeated during the colder months, and an increase in average radon concentration of 173 Bq m−3 for Saldanha and 153 Bq m−3 for Vredenburg was found. The granite geology and lifestyle of occupants during the colder months seem to contribute towards elevated levels of indoor radon concentrations.

Constitutive Questions in the Negotiations for Namibian Independence

1984 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Guerrilla Warfare ◽  
The West ◽  
Special Circumstances ◽  
Southwest Africa

Namibia, a territory in southwest Africa adjacent in the west to South Africa and Botswana, derives its notoriety from the fact that its history is a major component of the history and oppression of South African apartheid. But for this fact, the current guerrilla warfare there would perhaps be dismissed as another obscure conflict in some distant land. Few persons on the outside would know about it in detail, and absent special circumstances overtly involving the superpowers or some spreading of the war, fewer still would care.

scholarly journals Population Structure of Non-ST6 Listeria monocytogenes Isolated in the Red Meat and Poultry Value Chain in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1152
Author(s):  
Itumeleng Matle ◽  
Thendo Mafuna ◽  
Evelyn Madoroba ◽  
Khanyisile R. Mbatha ◽  
Kudakwashe Magwedere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
South African ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Main Lineage ◽  
High Level

Meat products have been implicated in many listeriosis outbreaks globally, however there is a dearth of information on the diversity of L. monocytogenes isolates circulating in food products in South Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the population structure of L. monocytogenes isolated in the meat value chain within the South African market. Based on whole-genome sequence analysis, a total of 217 isolates were classified into two main lineage groupings namely lineages I (n = 97; 44.7%) and II (n = 120; 55.3%). The lineage groups were further differentiated into IIa (n = 95, 43.8%), IVb (n = 69, 31.8%), IIb (n = 28, 12.9%), and IIc (n = 25, 11.5%) sero-groups. The most abundant sequence types (STs) were ST204 (n = 32, 14.7%), ST2 (n = 30, 13.8%), ST1 (n = 25, 11.5%), ST9 (n = 24, 11.1%), and ST321 (n = 21, 9.7%). In addition, 14 clonal complex (CCs) were identified with over-representation of CC1, CC3, and CC121 in “Processed Meat-Beef”, “RTE-Poultry”, and “Raw-Lamb” meat categories, respectively. Listeria pathogenic islands were present in 7.4% (LIPI-1), 21.7% (LIPI-3), and 1.8% (LIPI-4) of the isolates. Mutation leading to premature stop codons was detected in inlA virulence genes across isolates identified as ST121 and ST321. The findings of this study demonstrated a high-level of genomic diversity among L. monocytogenes isolates recovered across the meat value chain control points in South Africa.

AFRICANISING APARTHEID: IDENTITY, IDEOLOGY, AND STATE-BUILDING IN POST-INDEPENDENCE AFRICA

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMIE MILLER
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
State Building ◽  
The South ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The West ◽  
State Identity ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Divide And Rule

AbstractBetween 1968 and 1975, the leaders of white South Africa reached out to independent African leaders. Scholars have alternately seen these counterintuitive campaigns as driven by a quest for regional economic hegemony, divide-and-rule realpolitik, or a desire to ingratiate the regime with the West. This article instead argues that the South African government's outreach was intended to energise a top-down recalibration of the ideology of Afrikaner nationalism, as the regime endeavoured to detach its apartheid programme from notions of colonialist racial supremacy, and instead reach across the colour line and lay an equal claim to the power and protection of African nationalism. These diplomatic manoeuvrings, therefore, serve as a prism through which to understand important shifts in state identity, ideological renewal, and the adoption of new state-building models.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document