scholarly journals The Global Diffusion of Ideas

Econometrica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Buera ◽  
Ezra Oberfield
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Scale Parameters ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Asymmetric Countries ◽  
Innovation And Diffusion ◽  
Post War ◽  
And Diffusion

We provide a tractable, quantitatively‐oriented theory of innovation and technology diffusion to explore the role of international trade in the process of development. We model innovation and diffusion as a process involving the combination of new ideas with insights from other industries or countries. We provide conditions under which each country's equilibrium frontier of knowledge converges to a Fréchet distribution, and derive a system of differential equations describing the evolution of the scale parameters of these distributions, that is, countries' stocks of knowledge. The model remains tractable with many asymmetric countries and generates a rich set of predictions about how the level and composition of trade affect countries' frontiers of knowledge. We use the framework to quantify the contribution of bilateral trade costs to long‐run changes in TFP and individual post‐war growth miracles. For our preferred calibration, we find that both gains from trade and the fraction of variation of TFP growth accounted for by changes in trade more than double relative to a model without diffusion.

scholarly journals Role of innovations and knowledge – infrastructure and institutions

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
András Nábrádi
Keyword(s):  
National Income ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
European Institute ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Capital Development

There is a well known saying: Research converts money into knowledge, innovation converts knowledge into money. The knowledge-based economy has four pillars: innovation, education, the economic and institutional regime, and information infrastructure. Transformation towards a knowledge-based economy will necessarily shift the proportion and growth of national income derived from knowledge-based industries, the percentage of the workforce employed in knowledge-based jobs and the ratio of firms using technology to innovate. Progress towards a knowledge-based economy will be driven by four elements: human capital development, knowledge generation and exploitation (R&D), knowledge infrastructure. Increased investment in these four areas will certainly have an impact. National experience, however, suggests that an incremental approach will not work. Nations that have achieved accelerated growth in outputs and capabilities have acted decisively, targeting investments in areas of strategic opportunity. The organizational and infrastructural improvement of research requires supranational cooperation and the promotion of the free movement of knowledge. Therefore, the EU decision on the establishment of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT), which ensures that the GDP proportion for research and development (R&D) shall achieve 3% stipulated by member states in the long run, is particularly welcome.

scholarly journals Trump’s Trade Revolution

The Forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-548
Author(s):  
Michael Mastanduno
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Global Management ◽  
Domestic Trade ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Us ◽  
Post War ◽  
Trump Administration

AbstractThe Trump administration has reversed a 70-year consensus and transformed both the substance of trade policy and the postwar role the US has played in its global management. It has also reconfigured the role of the president in the domestic trade policy process. Armed with the power and influence the US amassed during its long run as leader of the post-war liberal world economy, the Trump administration has used trade as its principle coercive weapon in foreign policy. It has achieved some success, albeit at high diplomatic cost and by putting at risk America’s long-standing structural advantages in the world economy. Given that domestic discontent with the liberal world economy has increased significantly, it is likely that the core aspects of Trump’s trade revolution will endure, even if subsequent administrations soften Trump’s provocative execution of it.

scholarly journals The incidence and role of negative citations in science

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (45) ◽  
pp. 13823-13826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Catalini ◽  
Nicola Lacetera ◽  
Alexander Oettl
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Bibliometric Data ◽  
Diffusion Of Knowledge ◽  
Long Run ◽  
And Diffusion

Citations to previous literature are extensively used to measure the quality and diffusion of knowledge. However, we know little about the different ways in which a study can be cited; in particular, are papers cited to point out their merits or their flaws? We elaborated a methodology to characterize “negative” citations using bibliometric data and natural language processing. We found that negative citations concerned higher-quality papers, were focused on a study’s findings rather than theories or methods, and originated from scholars who were closer to the authors of the focal paper in terms of discipline and social distance, but not geographically. Receiving a negative citation was also associated with a slightly faster decline in citations to the paper in the long run.

Inclusive Innovation Policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 203-220
Author(s):  
Jason Potts
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Public Choice ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Inclusive Innovation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
New Ideas

Chapter 9 draws out a particular formulation of the institutional approach to policy that is based around permissionless innovation and the work of Calestous Juma. It distinguishes between two types of innovation policy from the perspective of government: (1) being supportive of “friends of innovation,” or (2) being against “enemies of innovation.” It argues from a public choice theoretical perspective that modern innovation policy is usually configured as (1), i.e., supporting investment in innovation, but it would actually be better if it were (2), namely configured so as to seek to oppose those who seek to stifle new ideas in order to protect their existing investments and economic rents. The chapter proposes inclusive innovation as a new social contract for innovation. I argue that this is a long run social welfare maximizing policy approach, but implies that the role of policy is largely to facilitate social Coasean bargaining in order to compensate the losers.

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