Validation of a New Screening Tool for Dementia: The Simple Observation Checklist for Activities of Daily Living

Objectives: The World Health Organization (WHO) proposed the Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) screening tool to identify older people with priority conditions associated with declines in intrinsic capacity (IC). We aimed to determine the clinical utility of the WHO ICOPE screening tool in a Chinese population.Method: A total of 376 adults aged 68.65 ± 11.41 years participated in the study. IC was assessed with the WHO ICOPE screening tool, covering five domains: cognitive, locomotor, sensory, vision, and psychological capacity. We assessed the activities of daily living (ADL); instrumental activities of daily living (IADL); the Fried frailty phenotype; FRAIL scale; Strength, Assistance With Walking, Rising From chair, Climbing Stairs, and Falls (SARC-F) scale; Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE); Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS); social frailty; and quality of life.Results: There were 260 (69.1%) participants who showed declines in one or more IC dimensions. The percentages of decline in mobility, cognition, vitality, hearing, vision, and psychological capacity were 25.3, 46.8, 16.2, 15.4, 11.7, and 12.0%, respectively. IC decreased with increasing age. After adjusting for age, sex, and multimorbidity, participants with declines in IC were more likely to be older, frail, and disabled. They also had worse physical, mental, and overall health. There was a higher prevalence of declines in IC in participants with frailty. After adjusting for age, IC was positively correlated with walking speed, resilience score, and MMSE score and negatively correlated with frailty, SARC-F score, IADL score, GDS score, and physical and mental fatigue. The IC score was not associated with body composition variables such as fat-free mass, body fat percentage, or visceral fat area. Higher IC was associated with better quality of life. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) for the ICOPE screening tool vs. Fried phenotype, FRAIL, ADL disability, IADL disability, and SARC-F were 0.817, 0.843, 0.954, 0.912, and 0.909, respectively.Conclusion: Our research affirms that the ICOPE screening tool is useful to identify adults with poor physical and mental function in a Chinese sample. This tool may assist in identifying declines in IC in an integrative care model and help slow down function decline and onset of care dependence.

Download Full-text

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living as a Screening Tool for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Elderly Community Dwellers

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society ◽

10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01802.x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 40 (11) ◽

pp. 1129-1134 ◽

Cited By ~ 261

Author(s):

Pascale Barberger-Gateau ◽

Daniel Commenges ◽

Michèle Gagnon ◽

Luc Letenneur ◽

Claire Sauvel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Daily Living ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Instrumental Activities ◽

Community Dwellers

Download Full-text

Reliability and Validity of the Function Impairment Screening Tool in Chinese Older Adults

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.720607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yaxin Zhang ◽

Pan Liu ◽

Yiming Pan ◽

Ying Li ◽

Li Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Physical Function ◽

Functional Impairment ◽

Daily Living ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Chinese Older Adults ◽

Function Impairment ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Background: Physical function gradually decreases with age in older adults, affecting their independence and quality of life and leaving them prone to adverse outcomes. Despite the importance of assessing function for older adults, most studies have focused on disability and paid less attention to functional impairment. Thus, given the lack of valid and practical methods for evaluating functional impairment for older adults, we developed the function impairment screening tool (FIST) using the Delphi method.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the FIST in Chinese older adults.Methods: A total of 489 participants aged 60 years or older, and who had completed the FIST were included. A subgroup of 50 participants completed the FIST a second time, 1 week after the first round, and the test–retest reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha. Validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis. Criterion-related validity was assessed using correlations between the FIST and the Barthel Index activities of daily living (ADL), Lawton, and Brody instrumental activities of daily living (LB-IADL).Results: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the FIST was 0.930 (P < 0.001). The test–retest reliability was good, with an ICC of 0.928 (95% confidence interval [0.874, 0.960]). Exploratory factor analyses revealed one factor accounting for 60.14% of the scale's variance and the load values of every item were >0.4 (0.489–0.872). The correlation coefficient was 0.572 (P < 0.001) between the FIST score and ADL, and was 0.793 (P < 0.001) between the FIST score and IADL. The FIST score was positively correlated with walking speed (r = 0.475, P < 0.001) and grip strength (r = 0.307, P < 0.001), and negatively correlated with age (r = −0.588, P < 0.001) and Fried frailty phenotype (r = −0.594, P < 0.001).Conclusion: The FIST is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing physical function impairment in older adults.

Download Full-text

Barber test as a screening tool in multidimensional geriatric evaluation in elderly women with early breast cancer

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e20645 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e20645-e20645

Author(s):

M. Molina-Garrido ◽

C. Guillen-Ponce ◽

J. Santiago ◽

M. Muñoz ◽

A. Olaverri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Early Breast Cancer ◽

Daily Living ◽

Older Patients ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Functional Impairments ◽

Geriatric Evaluation ◽

Definition Of

e20645 Background: The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is a key component of the treatment approach for older cancer patients, but it is time consuming. In this study, we have evaluated the validity of a brief frailty screening tool, the Barber test (BT), for identifying disability in older patients with early breast cancer (BC) in the University General Hospital in Elche. Methods: Between January 2007 and December 2007, a total of 41 patients older than 65 years who were actively receiving chemotherapy for early BC, were enrolled in our study. Eligible patients were screened with the Barber test and completed a standardized CGA (Activities of Daily Living measured by Barthel Scale, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living measured by Lawton-Brody Scale, cognitive evaluation measured by Pfeiffer Test, comorbidity (Charlson´s index), risk of malnutrition (Nutritive Initiative Screening), and ECOG). The validity of the BT in this population was assessed by comparing the BT results with results from a simultaneous CGA. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed. The ROC evaluated the BT as a screening measure for impairment compared with the CGA (using the definition of impairment on the CGA as deficits on ≥2 individual tests within the battery, and on the BT as a score >0). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to reflect the predictive value of the BT for identifying impairment. Results: Forty-one women were recruited. Median age was 72.88 years (range 65.03 to 85.46). 30 patients (73.2%) were older than 70 years. 36.6% were dependent in Barthel Scale, and 46,3% were dependent in Lawton-Brody Scale. 19,5% had cognitive impairment. The Barber test was moderate predictive for identifying impairment compared with the CGA, with an AUC of 0.730 (standard error, 0.081; 95% confidence interval for detecting asymptomatic normals, 0.571–0.889); p=0.012). Conclusions: Functional impairments are prevalent among older patients with early BC who receive adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. The current results indicate that the brief Barber test performed nearly as well as a conventional CGA in detecting geriatric impairment in this population. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Download Full-text

Development of a novel nutrition screening tool for use in elderly South Africans

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2005783 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 468-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

KE Charlton ◽

TL Kolbe-Alexander ◽

JH Nel

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Scoring System ◽

Daily Living ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Nutritional Risk ◽

Nutrition Screening ◽

South Africans ◽

Nutrition Screening Tool

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a nutrition screening tool for use in older South Africans.DesignA cross-sectional validation study in 283 free-living and institutionalised black South Africans (60+ years).MethodsTrained fieldworkers administered a 24-hour recall and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) screening tool, and performed anthropometric measurements and physical function tests. Cognitive function was assessed using a validated version of the Six-Item Cognitive Impairment Test. Biochemical indicators assessed included serum albumin, haemoglobin, ferritin, vitamin B12, red-blood-cell folate, cholesterol and vitamin C. The MNA was used as the gold standard against which a novel screening tool was developed using a six-step systematic approach, namely: correspondence analysis; identification of key questions; determination of internal consistency; correlational analyses with objective measures; determination of reference cut-off values for categories of nutritional risk; and determination of sensitivity and specificity.ResultsThe new screening tool includes nine separate concepts, comprising a total of 14 questions, as well as measurement of mid-upper arm circumference. The new tool score was positively associated with level of independence in either basic activities of daily living (r= 0.472) or the more complex instrumental activities of daily living (r= 0.233). A three-category scoring system of nutritional risk was developed and shown to significantly characterise subjects according to physical function tests, level of independence and cognitive function. The new tool has good sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (95.0%) compared with the MNA scoring system. It has a very high negative predictive value (99.5%), which means that the tool is unlikely to falsely classify subjects as well nourished/at risk when they are in fact malnourished.ConclusionA novel screening tool has been shown to have content-, construct- and criterion-related validity, and the individual items have been shown to have good internal consistency. Further validation of the tool in a new population of elderly Africans is warranted.

Download Full-text