Utilization of Forest Environment Transfer Tax in Ordinance-Designated Cities:

AbstractA large number of studies have demonstrated the benefits of natural environments on people’s health and well-being. For people who have limited access to nature (e.g., elderly in nursing homes, hospital patients, or jail inmates), virtual representations may provide an alternative to benefit from the illusion of a natural environment. For this purpose and in most previous studies, conventional photos of nature have been used. Immersive virtual reality (VR) environments, however, can induce a higher sense of presence compared to conventional photos. Whether this higher sense of presence leads to increased positive impacts of virtual nature exposure is the main research question of this study. Therefore, we compared exposure to a forest and an urban virtual environment in terms of their respective impact on mood, stress, physiological reactions, and cognition. The environments were presented via a head-mounted display as (1) conventional photo slideshows or (2) 360$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ videos. The results show that the forest environment had a positive effect on cognition and the urban environment disturbed mood regardless of the mode of presentation. In addition, photos of either urban or forest environment were both more effective in reducing physiological arousal compared to immersive 360$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ videos.

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Using virtual forest environment on collaborative forest management

IEEE International IEEE International IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2004. IGARSS '04. Proceedings. 2004 ◽

10.1109/igarss.2004.1370252 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Mingyao Qi ◽

Tianhe Chi ◽

Xin Zhang ◽

Jingxiong Huang

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Forest Environment

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Learning to Be an Orangutan—Implications of Life History for Orangutan Rehabilitation

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030767 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 767

Author(s):

Signe Preuschoft ◽

Ishak Yassir ◽

Asti Iryanti Putri ◽

Nur Aoliya ◽

Erma Yuliani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Interactions ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Ontogenetic Changes ◽

Forest Environment ◽

Surrogate Mothers ◽

Biological Mothers ◽

Solitary Play ◽

Forest Strata ◽

Weaning Age ◽

Survival Skills

Orangutans depend on social learning for the acquisition of survival skills. The development of skills is not usually assessed in rescued orphans’ pre-release. We collected data of seven orphans over an 18-months-period to monitor the progress of ontogenetic changes. The orphans, 1.5–9 years old, were immersed in a natural forest environment with human surrogate mothers and other orphans. Social interactions deviated significantly from those of wild mother-reared immatures. Infants spent more time playing socially with peers, at the expense of resting and solitary play. Infants were also more often and at an earlier age distant from their human surrogate mothers than wild immatures are from their biological mothers. We found important changes towards an orangutan-typical lifestyle in 4- to 7-year-old orphans, corresponding to the weaning age in maternally reared immatures. The older orphans spent less time interacting with human surrogate mothers or peers, started to use the canopy more than lower forest strata and began to sleep in nests in the forest. Their time budgets resembled those of wild adults. In conclusion, juvenile orphans can develop capacities that qualify them as candidates for release back into natural habitat when protected from humanising influences and immersed in a species-typical environment.

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Natural durability and improved resistance of 20 Amazonian wood species after 30 years in ground contact

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2020-0192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Fernando Nunes Gouveia ◽

Marcelo Fontana da Silveira ◽

Alencar Garlet

Keyword(s):

Wood Species ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Natural Durability ◽

Amazon Forest ◽

Ground Contact ◽

Forest Environment ◽

Ground Test ◽

The Tropics ◽

Dipteryx Odorata ◽

Copper Arsenate

Abstract This study aimed to assess the natural durability of 20 Amazonian wood species preserved with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) after 30 years in ground contact in an experimental field test at National Forest of Tapajós, Pará state - Brazil. Heartwood samples with a cross-section of 5 × 5 cm and 50 cm of length were half-buried in soil and inspected every year for decay. The species were classified according to natural durability following the classification method proposed by Findlay (Findlay, W.P.K. (1985). The nature and durability of wood. In: Findlay, W.P.K. (Ed.), Preservation of timber in the tropics. Springer Science, Whitchurch, pp. 1–13). After 30 years in ground test, six species were classified as Perishable, seven as Non-durable, three as Durable and four as Very durable, namely: Trichilia lecointei, Lecythis pisonis, Pseudopiptadenia suaveolens, and Dipteryx odorata (Very durable), Protium tenuifolium, Dinizia excelsa, and Ormosia paraensis (Durable), Endopleura uchi, Goupia glabra, Pouteria egregia, Tachigali chrysophylla, Tachigali paraensis, Vatairea sericea, and Vochysia maxima (Non-durable) and Chrysophyllum lucentifolium, Couratari oblongifolia, Didymopanax morototoni, Lueheopsis duckeana, Sterculia excelsa, and Xylopia nitida (Perishable). CCA preservative treatment was effective to promote timber protection, even under harsh climatic conditions of the Amazon forest environment.

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