Functional Materials that Mimic Marine Fouling Organisms

SynopsisFouling communities typical of shallow water inshore sites were found at three locations in the Moray Firth. At each, an initial background cover of solitary tubeworms and barnacles was overgrown by secondary fouling organisms. On the piles of Nigg jetty, overgrowth consisted of mussels in the depth range 0–6 m and hydroids, sponges, soft corals and anemones from 6–26 m. Buoys in the approaches to Cromarty Firth were completely covered by a mixture of algae and mussels. Sunlit areas of the float cleaned annually bore a diverse algal cover, whereas uncleaned shaded areas and the freely hanging chain had three-year-old mussels up to 7 cm long. Mussel fouling extended down the chain to within 1 m of the seabed at 26 m depth. Concrete anchor blocks on the seabed were covered with solitary tubeworms and hydroids. Steel piled platforms in the Beatrice Field were completely fouled after four years. Mussels and seaweeds were abundant from 0–5 m. In the depth range 8–35 m the background calcareous layer was overgrown by soft corals up to 10 cm long and hydroids. From 35 m to the seabed at 46 m, soft overgrowth was provided mainly by hydroids and ascidians, with only a few small corals.

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Novel Approach for Biofouling-Release Materials with Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-0897-j03-02 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 897 ◽

Author(s):

Kenji Mori ◽

Masanobu Naito ◽

Takashi Nakai ◽

Michiya Fujiki ◽

Takuma Kawabe

Keyword(s):

Blue Mussel ◽

Polymer Networks ◽

Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽

Repellent Activity ◽

Marine Fouling ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Blue Mussels ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Specific Fraction ◽

Fouling Organisms

AbstractEnvironmentally friendly organic-inorganic hybrid materials with repellent activity against marine fouling organisms, such as blue mussel, have been developed using interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs), composed of a 3-dimensional siloxane matrix of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and poly(vinylacetate) (PVAc). Facile bioassay using blue mussels allowed screening the adequate proportions of those components. The repellent activity of IPN with PVAc/silica reached approximately 90% at a specific fraction, relative to that of tributyl tin oxide (TBTO). On the other hand, poly(methylmethacrylate)(PMMA) /silica composite did not show marked repellent activity against blue mussel, even though chemical structure of MMA is similar to that of vinylacetate.

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The Synthesis and Bioactivities of 2-Hydroxyethyl Benzo[d] Isothiazole-3(2H)-One Marine Antifouling Paints

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.646.24 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 646 ◽

pp. 24-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jian Xin Yang ◽

Cheng Hang You ◽

Xiang Hui Wang ◽

Qiang Lin

Keyword(s):

1H Nmr ◽

Marine Environment ◽

Aromatic Acid ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Fouling Organism ◽

Antifouling Paints ◽

Marine Fouling ◽

Fouling Organisms ◽

Marine Antifouling

Twenty-one novel compounds were synthesized from the benzo[d]isothiazole-3(2H)-one and aromatic acid, the structures were identified by means of 1H NMR, IR, EA. The intro antibacterial experiment was carried out to evaluate the activities against antibacterial and the marine hanging plate experiment was also carried out to evaluate the activities against marine fouling organism. The results showed that all the compounds were active against the six bacterials, with an inhibiting rate of 90% at the concentration of 32 µg/ml against Gram-positive bacterials, and the antifouling paints couldn’t be attached by marine fouling organisms in the marine environment for more than 3 months.

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Australian Bryozoa Volume 1

10.1071/9781486306800 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Natural History ◽

Ocean Acidification ◽

Marine Biology ◽

Freshwater Species ◽

Aquatic Animals ◽

Marine Fouling ◽

Biology Students ◽

The World ◽

Fouling Organisms

Bryozoans are aquatic animals that form colonies of connected individuals. They take a variety of forms: some are bushy and moss-like, some are flat and encrusting and others resemble lace. Bryozoans are mostly marine, with species found in all oceans from sublittoral to abyssal depths, but freshwater species also exist. Some bryozoans are of concern as marine-fouling organisms and invasive species, while others show promise as sources of anticancer, antiviral and antifouling substances. Written by experts in the field, Australian Bryozoa Volume 1: Biology, Ecology and Natural History is the first of two volumes describing Australia’s 1200 known species of bryozoans, the richest diversity of bryozoans of any country in the world. It contains chapters on the discovery of bryozoans, their morphology, classification and fossil history, their roles in biosecurity and marine benthic environments, and potential uses in biotechnology and ocean acidification. It provides an authoritative reference for biology students, academics and others interested in marine biology.

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Resistance of Galactoside-Terminated Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers to Marine Fouling Organisms

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ◽

10.1021/am200726a ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (10) ◽

pp. 3890-3901 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Thomas Ederth ◽

Tobias Ekblad ◽

Michala E. Pettitt ◽

Sheelagh L. Conlan ◽

Chun-Xia Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Self Assembled Monolayers ◽

Marine Fouling ◽

Assembled Monolayers ◽

Self Assembled ◽

Fouling Organisms

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Adhesion of Marine Fouling Organisms on Hydrophilic and Amphiphilic Polysaccharides

Langmuir ◽

10.1021/la3038022 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (12) ◽

pp. 4039-4047 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Stella Bauer ◽

Maria Pilar Arpa-Sancet ◽

John A. Finlay ◽

Maureen E. Callow ◽

James A. Callow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marine Fouling ◽

Fouling Organisms

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Factors Influencing the Settling of the Principal Marine Fouling Organisms in Sydney Harbour

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf9590030 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 30 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

B Wisely

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Test Site ◽

Horizontal Distance ◽

Accurate Assessment ◽

Balanus Amphitrite ◽

Bugula Neritina ◽

Marine Fouling ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Sydney Harbour ◽

Fouling Organisms

The macrofouling organisms most commonly encountered during intermittent plate exposures in Sydney Harbour over 10 years (1947-57) comprised a barnacle (mainly Balanus (Balanus) amphitrite var. cirratus Darwin), several serpulids and bryozoans (Hydroides norvegica Gunnerus, Spirorbis sp.; Bugula neritina L., Bugula avicularia L., Watersipora cucullata (Busk)), a mussel (Mytilus planulatus Lamarck), and an oyster (Crassostrea commercialis Iredale & Roughley). With the exception of the mussel, settlement was heaviest during the summer months. Surface water temperatures averaged from about 15°C in midwinter to 24� in midsummer and were over 20°C for 6 months of the year. Two cases where freshwater dilution apparently affected biological populations are recorded. The effects of colour, surface texture, depth, aspect, and horizontal distance on settling were investigated using paired series of plates. The results were treated statistically and compared with those reported by others. It is suggested that during antifouling raft tests at this locality the control plates for any group of experimental plates need to be placed at the same site, same depth, facing the same way, and 5-10 ft apart horizontally. Providing the most common macrofouling organisma settling at the station were considered as a whole, this arrangement seemed to give a reasonably accurate assessment of their settling intensity at the test site.

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