AN AUTOMATED METHOD TO DETECT AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION FROM OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150036
Author(s):  
Anju Thomas ◽  
P. M. Harikrishnan ◽  
Varun P. Gopi ◽  
P. Palanisamy
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Sigmoid Function ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sd Oct

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease that affects the elderly. AMD’s prevalence is increasing as society’s population ages; thus, early detection is critical to prevent vision loss in the elderly. Arrangement of a comprehensive examination of the eye for AMD detection is a challenging task. This paper suggests a new poly scale and dual path (PSDP) convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for early-stage AMD diagnosis automatically. The proposed PSDP architecture has nine convolutional layers to classify the input image as AMD or normal. A PSDP architecture is used to enhance classification efficiency due to the high variation in size and shape of perforation present in OCT images. The poly scale approach employs filters of various sizes to extract features from local regions more effectively. Simultaneously, the dual path architecture incorporates features extracted from different CNN layers to boost features in the global regions. The sigmoid function is used to classify images into binary categories. The Mendeley data set is used to train the proposed network and tested on Mendeley, Duke, SD-OCT Noor, and OCTID data sets. The testing accuracy of the network in Mendeley, Duke, SD-OCT Noor, and OCT-ID is 99.73%,96.66%,94.89%,99.61%, respectively. The comparison with alternative approaches showed that the proposed algorithm is efficient in detecting AMD. Despite having been trained on the Mendeley data set, the proposed model exhibited good detection accuracy when tested on other data sets. This shows that the suggested model can distinguish AMD/Normal images from various data sets. As compared to other methods, the findings show that the proposed algorithm is efficient at detecting AMD. Rapid eye scanning for early detection of AMD could be possible with the proposed architecture. The proposed CNN can be applied in real-time due to its lower complexity and less learnable parameters.

DETECTION OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION FROM OCT IMAGES USING DOUBLE SCALE CNN ARCHITECTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150029
Author(s):  
S. Sabi ◽  
Varun P. Gopi ◽  
J. R. Anoop Raj
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Sigmoid Function ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Double Scale

An ocular disease that affects the elderly is Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Because of the aging population in society, AMD incidence is increasing; early diagnosis is vital to avoid vision loss in the elderly. It is a challenging process to organize a comprehensive eye screening system for detecting AMD. This paper proposes a novel Double Scale Convolutional Neural Network (DSCNN) architecture for an accurate AMD diagnosis. The architecture proposed is a DSCNN with six convolutional layers for classifying AMD or normal images. The double-scale convolution layer enables many local structures to be generated with two different filter sizes. In this proposed network, the sigmoid function is used as the classifier. The proposed CNN network is trained on the Mendeley data set and tested on four data sets, namely Mendeley, OCTID, Duke, SD-OCT Noor data set, and achieved an accuracy of 99.46%, 98.08%, 96.66%, and 94.89% respectively. The comparison with alternative methods provided results showing the efficacy of the proposed algorithm in detecting AMD. Although the proposed model is trained only on the Mendeley data set, it achieved good detection accuracy when evaluated with other data sets. This indicates the proposed model’s ability to classify AMD/Normal images from different data sets. Comparison with other approaches produced results that exhibit the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in detecting AMD. The proposed architecture can be applied in the rapid screening of the eye for the early detection of AMD. Due to less complexity and fewer learnable parameters, the proposed CNN can be implemented in real-time.

scholarly journals Detection of features associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in ethnically distinct data sets by an optical coherence tomography: trained deep learning algorithm

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-316984
Author(s):  
Tyler Hyungtaek Rim ◽  
Aaron Y Lee ◽  
Daniel S Ting ◽  
Kelvin Teo ◽  
Bjorn Kaijun Betzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Saliency Maps ◽  
Age Related

BackgroundThe ability of deep learning (DL) algorithms to identify eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) from optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans has been previously established. We herewith evaluate the ability of a DL model, showing excellent performance on a Korean data set, to generalse onto an American data set despite ethnic differences. In addition, expert graders were surveyed to verify if the DL model was appropriately identifying lesions indicative of nAMD on the OCT scans.MethodsModel development data set—12 247 OCT scans from South Korea; external validation data set—91 509 OCT scans from Washington, USA. In both data sets, normal eyes or eyes with nAMD were included. After internal testing, the algorithm was sent to the University of Washington, USA, for external validation. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and precision–recall curve (AUPRC) were calculated. For model explanation, saliency maps were generated using Guided GradCAM.ResultsOn external validation, AUC and AUPRC remained high at 0.952 (95% CI 0.942 to 0.962) and 0.891 (95% CI 0.875 to 0.908) at the individual level. Saliency maps showed that in normal OCT scans, the fovea was the main area of interest; in nAMD OCT scans, the appropriate pathological features were areas of model interest. Survey of 10 retina specialists confirmed this.ConclusionOur DL algorithm exhibited high performance for nAMD identification in a Korean population, and generalised well to an ethnically distinct, American population. The model correctly focused on the differences within the macular area to extract features associated with nAMD.

scholarly journals Impact of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: burden of patients receiving therapies in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Honda ◽  
Yasuo Yanagi ◽  
Hideki Koizumi ◽  
Yirong Chen ◽  
Satoru Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Healthcare Resource Utilisation ◽  
Age Related

AbstractThe chronic eye disorder, neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), is a common cause of permanent vision impairment and blindness among the elderly in developed countries, including Japan. This study aimed to investigate the disease burden of nAMD patients under treatment, using data from the Japan National Health and Wellness surveys 2009–2014. Out of 147,272 respondents, 100 nAMD patients reported currently receiving treatment. Controls without nAMD were selected by 1:4 propensity score matching. Healthcare Resource Utilisation (HRU), Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), and work productivity loss were compared between the groups. Regarding HRU, nAMD patients had significantly increased number of visits to any healthcare provider (HCP) (13.8 vs. 8.2), ophthalmologist (5.6 vs. 0.8), and other HCP (9.5 vs. 7.1) compared to controls after adjusting for confounding factors. Additionally, nAMD patients had reduced HRQoL and work productivity, i.e., reduced physical component summary (PCS) score (46.3 vs. 47.9), increased absenteeism (18.14% vs. 0.24%), presenteeism (23.89% vs. 12.44%), and total work productivity impairment (33.57% vs. 16.24%). The increased number of ophthalmologist visits were associated with decreased PCS score, increased presenteeism and total work productivity impairment. The current study highlighted substantial burden for nAMD patients, requiring further attention for future healthcare planning and treatment development.

scholarly journals Neovascular Macular Degeneration: A Review of Etiology, Risk Factors, and Recent Advances in Research and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1170
Author(s):  
Arunbalaji Pugazhendhi ◽  
Margaret Hubbell ◽  
Pooja Jairam ◽  
Balamurali Ambati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Rho Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (exudative or wet AMD) is a prevalent, progressive retinal degenerative macular disease that is characterized by neovascularization of the choroid, mainly affecting the elderly population causing gradual vision impairment. Risk factors such as age, race, genetics, iris color, smoking, drinking, BMI, and diet all play a part in nvAMD’s progression, with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy being the mainstay of treatment. Current therapeutic advancements slow the progression of the disease but do not cure or reverse its course. Newer therapies such as gene therapies, Rho-kinase inhibitors, and levodopa offer potential new targets for treatment.

scholarly journals Introduction to the multi-author review on macular degeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Kauppinen
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Severe Vision Loss ◽  
Author Review ◽  
Dry Amd ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

AbstractProlonged life expectancies contribute to the increasing prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that is already the leading cause of severe vision loss among the elderly in developed countries. In dry AMD, the disease culminates into vast retinal atrophy, whereas the wet form is characterized by retinal edema and sudden vision loss due to neovascularization originating from the choroid beneath the Bruch’s membrane. There is no treatment for dry AMD and despite intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that suppress the neovessel formation, also wet AMD needs new therapies to prevent the disease progression and to serve patients lacking of positive response to current medicines. Knowledge on disease mechanisms is a prerequisite for the drug development, which is hindered by the multifactorial nature of AMD. Numerous distinguished publications have revealed AMD mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level and in this multi-author review, we take a bit broader look at the topic with some novel aspects.

scholarly journals Repeatability of Bruch’s Membrane Opening-minimum Rim Width in Age-related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Macular Edema

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1490-1501
Author(s):  
Bum Jun Kim ◽  
Woo Hyuk Lee ◽  
Ki Yup Nam ◽  
Ji Hye Kim ◽  
Tae Seen Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Disc Membrane ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Bruch’S Membrane Opening ◽  
Sd Oct

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and Bruch’s membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) measurements by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME).Methods: This was a prospective study. The RNFL thickness and BMO-MRW parameters for each sector and global average were measured twice by SD-OCT. Repeatability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV). If the optic disc membrane was confirmed, it was analyzed by dividing it into three groups based on severity.Results: A total of 99 eyes (48 with wAMD, 51 with DME) were included in the analysis. The ICCs of the global RNFL thickness and global BMO-MRW measurements were 0.996 and 0.997, respectively, in wAMD and 0.994 and 0.996, respectively, in DME eyes. The CV values of global RNFL thickness and BMO-MRW were 0.60% and 0.73%, respectively, in wAMD eyes and 1.10% and 1.21%, respectively, in DME eyes. The disc membrane on the optic nerve head significantly affected global BMO-MRW repeatability (B = 0.814, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Both RNFL thickness and BMO-MRW measurements showed good repeatability in eyes with wAMD and DME. The severity of the optic disc membrane significantly affected the repeatability of BMO-MRW measurements in eyes with wAMD and DME. Therefore, physicians should examine the BMO-MRW in eyes with severe optic disc membrane.

Six-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration and correlation to OCT-derived drusen volume measurements in a Chinese population

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2021-319290
Author(s):  
Anna CS Tan ◽  
Miao Li Chee ◽  
Beau J Fenner ◽  
Paul Mitchell ◽  
Yih Chung Tham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Systemic Risk Factors ◽  
Sd Oct

AimsTo report the 6-year incidence of optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived age-related changes in drusen volume and related systemic and ocular associations.MethodsChinese adults aged 40 years and older were assessed at baseline and 6 years with colour fundus photography (CFP) and spectral domain (SD) OCT. CFPs were graded for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) features and drusen volume was generated using commercially available automated software.ResultsA total of 4172 eyes of 2580 participants (mean age 58.12±9.03 years; 51.12% women) had baseline and 6-year follow-up CFP for grading, of these, 2130 eyes of 1305 participants had gradable SD-OCT images, available for analysis. Based on CFP grading, 136 (3.39%) participants developed incident early AMD and 10 (0.25%) late AMD. Concurrently, retinal pigment epithelial-Bruch’s membrane (RPE-BrC) volumes decreased, remained stable and increased in 6.8%, 78.5% and 14.7%, respectively, over 6 years. In eyes where RPE-BrC volumes were >0 mm3 at baseline, this was associated with two-fold higher prevalence rate of any AMD at baseline (p<0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that when compared with eyes where RPE-BrC volume was unchanged, volume decrease was significantly associated with older age (OR=1.30; p<0.001), smoking (OR=2.21; p=0.001) and chronic kidney disease (OR=3.4, p=0.008), while increase was associated with older age (OR=1.36; p<0.001) and hypertension (OR=1.43; p=0.016).ConclusionAMD incidence detected at 6 years on CFP and correlated OCT-derived drusen volume measurement change is low. Older age and some systemic risk factors are associated with drusen volume change, and our data provide new insights into relationship between systemic risk factors and outer retinal morphology in Asian eyes.

Epidemiology Prevalence and Incidence in Dry-Form (Non-Neovascular) Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2017 ◽  
pp. 97-99
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Neovascular Amd ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Dry Amd ◽  
Degenerative Disorder ◽  
Definition Of

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disorder of the central retina and represents the leading cause of severe visual impairment in the elderly population of industrialized societies. It is known that it currently exists between 30 and 50 million people around the world and is estimated that will have doubled by the end of the coming decade. Several large epidemiologic studies have evaluated the prevalence of non-neovascular or so-called dry AMD. There is some variation in the prevalence of non-neovascular AMD depending on the exact definition of AMD. All of them report a higher prevalence of early AMD and an increasing prevalence with age. It is seen most in Caucasians and least in people with Africans and it is not related to gender.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document