How Tourism Policing Differs From Other Forms of Policing

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-61
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
General Public ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Security Services

Chapter 2 examines some of the ways that distinguish tourism policing and security services from other forms of policing and security. Tourism policing, at times called tourism-oriented policing and protection services (TOPPs) is a relatively recent sub-section of both private security and public policing. We use the term “policing” throughout the book to refer both to private professional security agents and to public law enforcement agents. Tourism policing recognizes that the visitor has different protection needs than do people who are in the general public or at their place of residence.

The privatization of security in Turkey: Reconsidering the state, the concept of “governmentality” and Neoliberalism

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 33-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibel Yardımcı ◽  
Zeynep Alemdar
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Private Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Security Services ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Market State ◽  
Privatization Of Security

AbstractThe privatization of security services, which implies the dispersal of the legitimate right to use force, has been traditionally understood as operating at the expense of state sovereignty. The increasing privatization of security services around the world and the substantial growth of the private security sector in Turkey create the need to reassess the nature of this privatization. Drawing upon the work of Michel Foucault and other scholars of governmentality, as well as our own field research, we try to make such an assessment, without falling back on the traditional state-market (state-society) duality. Research shows that the Turkish private security sector, reported as being tied to both the exigencies of the state and the rules of the market, has an amorphic nature marked by intricate relationships, formal and informal, with public law enforcement agencies. We argue that the sector's privatization, although defended by some as a way to grant accountability and transparency to security services, is neither a remedy for those gaps, nor does it imply a straightforward decline of the state; rather, it is proof that the idea of an autonomous, unitary “state” should be revised and a sign that a different and intricate network of state apparatus and private experts continue to govern our lives in ways unique to neoliberalism.

Algorithmic Governance by Online Intermediaries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niva Elkin-Koren ◽  
Maayan Perel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Private Ordering ◽  
Algorithmic Accountability ◽  
Copyright Enforcement

In recent years, there is a growing use of algorithmic law enforcement by online intermediaries. Algorithmic enforcement by private intermediaries is located at the interface between public law and private ordering. It often reflects risk management and commercial interests of online intermediaries, effectively converging law enforcement and adjudication powers, at the hands of a small number of mega platforms. At the same time, algorithmic governance also plays a critical role in shaping access to online content and facilitating public discourse. Yet, online intermediaries are hardly held accountable for algorithmic enforcement, even though they may reach erroneous decisions. Developing proper accountability mechanisms is hence vital to create a check on algorithmic enforcement. Accordingly, relying on lessons drawn from algorithmic copyright enforcement by online intermediaries, this chapter demonstrates the accountability deficiencies in algorithmic copyright enforcement; maps the barriers for algorithmic accountability and discusses various strategies for enhancing accountability in algorithmic governance.

Public Law Enforcement under Ambiguity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Chopard ◽  
Marie Obidzinski
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Law

Institutional Logics and Low Skills: The Case of the Private Security Sector in Singapore

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Joo Gog ◽  
Johnny Sung ◽  
David N Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Logics ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Relational Sociology ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Security Services ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
Low Pay

This article introduces the concept of institutional logics to provide a more adequate understanding of the interaction between firms and the institutions within an economy that impact on skills and pay. We argue that the most prominent institutionalist approaches suffer from a number of major weaknesses that have contributed towards the failure of policy initiatives derived from them. We then demonstrate how developments in relational sociology offer the promise of remedying these deficiencies. The case of the private security services sector in Singapore, which has suffered from low skills and low pay, is then used to illustrate how this new approach, highlighting the institutional logics of the sector, can provide a more productive approach to policy in this area.

scholarly journals The un Guidelines on the Use of Armed Guards

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Krahmann
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Security Services ◽  
Security Industry ◽  
Private Security Companies ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
The Military ◽  
Industry Associations

In 2012, the United Nations approved new Guidelines on the Use of Armed Private Security Companies by its agencies, funds and programmes. The Guidelines hold the potential to not only enhance the quality of armed security services contracted by the un, but also raise professional standards within the military and security industry more generally by serving as a model for other consumers and companies. Nevertheless, a close reading of the Guidelines indicates that there is still room for improvements. Drawing on best practices identified by industry associations, major clients and academic research, this article makes six recommendations for revision. Specifically, the article contends that expanding the scope, content and enforcement of the Guidelines would contribute to strengthening the control over private security contractors.

scholarly journals Takzir sebagai Hukuman dalam Hukum Pidana Islam

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-272
Author(s):  
Usammah Usammah
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Sharia Law ◽  
Interesting Part ◽  
Western Law

Memformalisasikan syariat Islam baik dalam ranah kehidupan bermasyarakat dan sosial, dalam bernegara dan berbangsa tidak jarang terjadi perdebatan, baik perdebatan sosial-politik maupun keagamaan. Perdebatan itu di samping menyangkut memahami ajaran agama dan hubungannya dengan negara-bangsa, juga dalam memahami sistem hukum yang ada dalam negera, lebih-lebih bahwa negera menganut sistem hukum positif yang lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh hukum barat. Gagasan pemberlakuan hukum pidana Islam tidak serta merta dapat dijalankan dengan baik tanpa adanya legislasi dan pembentukan hukum pidana Islam materil sebagai hukum positif yang berlaku. Juga bahwa hukum pidana Islam adalah hukum publik yang membutuhkan kekuasaan negara baik dalam pembentukannya maupun dalam penegakannya. Dalam hubungannya dengan legislasi dan pembentukan hukum (qanun syariat Islam), maka hal yang sangat menarik adalah bagaimana menentukan bentuk jarimah dan uqubatnya baik yang termasuk dalam kategori hudud, qisas, dan takzir sebagai bagian dari sistem penegakan hukum syariat Islam. Takzir as a Punishment in Islamic Criminal Law The formalizing of Islamic Sharia Law both in the realm of social and community life and also in the state and national level. This issue is frequently debatable, both in socio-political as well as in religious matter. The debate is not only about understanding religious teachings and their relationship with the nation, but also about understanding the legal system applicable in the country, especially the country which apply a positive legal system that influenced by western law. The idea of enforcing Islamic Criminal Law cannot be carried out properly without the existence of legislation and the establishment of Islamic Criminal Law as a positive law that enforced. In addition, Islamic Criminal Law is a public law that requires state power both in its formation and in its enforcement. In relation to legislation and the formation of law (Qanun Sharia), the very interesting part is how to determine the form of rahmah and uqubat both are included in the hudud, qisas and takzir categories as part of the Islamic Sharia law enforcement system.

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