Multilingual Lyric Modeling and Management

2011 ◽  
pp. 162-197
Author(s):  
Pierfrancesco Bellini ◽  
Ivan Bruno ◽  
Paolo Nesi
Keyword(s):  
Object Oriented ◽  
Music Notation ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
New Model

This chapter presents a new way to model multilingual lyrics within symbolic music scores. This new model allows one to “plug” onto the symbolic score different lyrics depending on the language. This is done by keeping separate the music notation model and the lyrics model. An object-oriented model of music notation and for lyrics representation are presented with many examples. These models have been implemented in the music editor produced within the WEDELMUSIC IST project. A specific language has been developed to associate the lyrics with the score; the language is able to represent syllables, melismas (extended syllables), refrains, etc. Moreover, the most important music notation formats are reviewed focusing on their representation of multilingual lyrics.

scholarly journals FHJ: A formal model for hierarchical dispatching and overriding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Wang ◽  
H Zhang ◽  
BCDS Oliveira ◽  
Marco Servetto
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Object Oriented Programming ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Multiple Inheritance ◽  
New Model ◽  
Dynamic Type ◽  
Inheritance Hierarchy ◽  
Type Information

© Yanlin Wang, Haoyuan Zhang, Bruno C. d. S. Oliveira, and Marco Servetto. Multiple inheritance is a valuable feature for Object-Oriented Programming. However, it is also tricky to get right, as illustrated by the extensive literature on the topic. A key issue is the ambiguity arising from inheriting multiple parents, which can have conflicting methods. Numerous existing work provides solutions for conflicts which arise from diamond inheritance: i.e. conflicts that arise from implementations sharing a common ancestor. However, most mechanisms are inadequate to deal with unintentional method conflicts: conflicts which arise from two unrelated methods that happen to share the same name and signature. This paper presents a new model called Featherweight Hierarchical Java (FHJ) that deals with unintentional method conflicts. In our new model, which is partly inspired by C++, conflicting methods arising from unrelated methods can coexist in the same class, and hierarchical dispatching supports unambiguous lookups in the presence of such conflicting methods. To avoid ambiguity, hierarchical information is employed in method dispatching, which uses a combination of static and dynamic type information to choose the implementation of a method at run-time. Furthermore, unlike all existing inheritance models, our model supports hierarchical method overriding: that is, methods can be independently overridden along the multiple inheritance hierarchy. We give illustrative examples of our language and features and formalize FHJ as a minimal Featherweight-Java style calculus.

A New Model of Software Network for Object-Oriented Software System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Youfei Huang ◽  
Ningkang Jiang ◽  
Liangyu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Object Oriented ◽  
Software System ◽  
New Model ◽  
Software Network

Modeling Music Notation in the Internet Multimedia Age

2011 ◽  
pp. 272-303
Author(s):  
Pierfrancesco Bellini ◽  
Paolo Nesi
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Software Tools ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Music Notation ◽  
Digital Right Management ◽  
New Model ◽  
Interactive Applications ◽  
Internet Age

Music notation modeling is entering the new multimedia Internet age. In this era new interactive applications are appearing on the market, such as software tools for music tuition and distance learning, for showing historical perspective of music pieces, for musical content fruition in libraries, etc. For these innovative applications several aspects have to be integrated with the model of music notation and several new functionalities have to be implemented, such as automatic formatting, music notation navigation, synchronization of music notation with real audio, etc. In this chapter, the WEDELMUSIC XML format for multimedia music applications of music notation is presented. It includes a music notation format in XML and a format for modeling multimedia element, their relationships and synchronization with a support for digital right management (DRM). In addition, a comparison of this new model with the most important and emerging models is reported. The taxonomy used can be useful for assessing and comparing suitability of music notation models and format for their adoption in new emerging applications and for their usage in classical music editors.

Shape in music notation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Ockelford
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Music Notation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
New Model ◽  
Psychological Understanding ◽  
Peircean Semiotics

This chapter explores how perceptual domains function in the auditory and visual modalities, and sets out a model, using ‘zygonic’ theory, showing how different forms of mapping between the two may logically occur in cognition. Such mappings enable the perceived shapes of patterns in sound to be represented as two-dimensional visual shapes. Four types of inter-domain relationship are identified: ‘regular’, ‘irregular’ (the latter being ‘indirect’ or ‘arbitrary’) and ‘synaesthetic’. ‘Regular’, ‘indirect’ and ‘arbitrary’ representations are somewhat analogous to the threefold typology of signs defined in Peircean semiotics: icon, index and symbol. The new model is tested in the context of (1) young children’s ‘picture’ scores, (2) blind children’s tactile representations of pitch, (3) Western staff notation, (4) music in braille, (5) guitar chord symbols and (6) a synaesthete’s representation of patterns in sound. The implications for musicians and for musicological and music-psychological understanding and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals FHJ: A formal model for hierarchical dispatching and overriding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Wang ◽  
H Zhang ◽  
BCDS Oliveira ◽  
Marco Servetto
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Object Oriented Programming ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Multiple Inheritance ◽  
New Model ◽  
Dynamic Type ◽  
Inheritance Hierarchy ◽  
Type Information

© Yanlin Wang, Haoyuan Zhang, Bruno C. d. S. Oliveira, and Marco Servetto. Multiple inheritance is a valuable feature for Object-Oriented Programming. However, it is also tricky to get right, as illustrated by the extensive literature on the topic. A key issue is the ambiguity arising from inheriting multiple parents, which can have conflicting methods. Numerous existing work provides solutions for conflicts which arise from diamond inheritance: i.e. conflicts that arise from implementations sharing a common ancestor. However, most mechanisms are inadequate to deal with unintentional method conflicts: conflicts which arise from two unrelated methods that happen to share the same name and signature. This paper presents a new model called Featherweight Hierarchical Java (FHJ) that deals with unintentional method conflicts. In our new model, which is partly inspired by C++, conflicting methods arising from unrelated methods can coexist in the same class, and hierarchical dispatching supports unambiguous lookups in the presence of such conflicting methods. To avoid ambiguity, hierarchical information is employed in method dispatching, which uses a combination of static and dynamic type information to choose the implementation of a method at run-time. Furthermore, unlike all existing inheritance models, our model supports hierarchical method overriding: that is, methods can be independently overridden along the multiple inheritance hierarchy. We give illustrative examples of our language and features and formalize FHJ as a minimal Featherweight-Java style calculus.

The Hitachi Model HS-8 Electron Microscope

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
H. Akabori ◽  
K. Nishiwaki ◽  
K. Yoneta
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
New Model ◽  
Predecessor Model

By improving the predecessor Model HS- 7 electron microscope for the purpose of easier operation, we have recently completed new Model HS-8 electron microscope featuring higher performance and ease of operation.

Systematic Modification of Parental Input to Train Language Symbols

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Culatta ◽  
Donna Horn
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Meaningful Use ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Parental Input ◽  
Language Exposure ◽  
Therapy Sessions ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Hearing Impaired Children ◽  
At Home

This study attempted to maximize environmental language learning for four hearing-impaired children. The children's mothers were systematically trained to present specific language symbols to their children at home. An increase in meaningful use of these words was observed during therapy sessions. In addition, as the mothers began to generalize the language exposure strategies, an increase was observed in the children's use of words not specifically identified by the clinician as targets.

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