NAM

2011 ◽  
pp. 23-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Ghandeharizadeh ◽  
Christos Papadopoulos ◽  
Min Cai ◽  
Runfang Zhou ◽  
P. Pol
Keyword(s):  
Web Service ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Software Technology ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Internet Connections ◽  
Data As A Service ◽  
Primary Contribution

Web Services is an emerging software technology that is based on the concept of software and data as a service. Binary and XML are two popular encoding/decoding mechanisms for network messages. A Web Service may employ a loss-less compression technique (e.g., Zip, XMill, etc.) in order to reduce message size prior to its transmission across the network, minimizing its transmission time. This saving might be outweighed by the overhead of compressing the output of a Web Service at a server and decompressing it at a client. The primary contribution of this paper is NAM, a middleware that strikes a compromise between these two factors in order to enhance response time. NAM decides when to compress data, based on the available client and server processor speeds and network characteristics. When compared with today’s common practice to transmit the output of a Web Service uncompressed always, our experimental results show NAM either provides similar or significantly improved response times (at times, more than 90% improvement) with Internet connections that offer bandwidths ranging from 80 to 100 Mbps.

scholarly journals A wug-shaped curve in sound symbolism: the case of Japanese Pokémon names

Phonology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-418
Author(s):  
Shigeto Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Japanese Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Evolution Status ◽  
Stochastic Optimality

An experiment showed that Japanese speakers’ judgement of Pokémons’ evolution status on the basis of nonce names is affected both by mora count and by the presence of a voiced obstruent. The effects of mora count are a case of counting cumulativity, and the interaction between the two factors a case of ganging-up cumulativity. Together, the patterns result in what Hayes (2020) calls ‘wug-shaped curves’, a quantitative signature predicted by MaxEnt. I show in this paper that the experimental results can indeed be successfully modelled with MaxEnt, and also that Stochastic Optimality Theory faces an interesting set of challenges. The study was inspired by a proposal made within formal phonology, and reveals important previously understudied aspects of sound symbolism. In addition, it demonstrates how cumulativity is manifested in linguistic patterns. The work here shows that formal phonology and research on sound symbolism can be mutually beneficial.

Web Page Ranking Algorithm Based on the Meta-Information

2014 ◽  
Vol 596 ◽  
pp. 292-296
Author(s):  
Xin Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Results ◽  
High Rank ◽  
Ranking Algorithm ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Page Ranking ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Meta Information ◽  
The Web

PageRank algorithms only consider hyperlink information, without other page information such as page hits frequency, page update time and web page category. Therefore, the algorithms rank a lot of advertising pages and old pages pretty high and can’t meet the users' needs. This paper further studies the page meta-information such as category, page hits frequency and page update time. The Web page with high hits frequency and with smaller age should get a high rank, while the above two factors are more or less dependent on page category. Experimental results show that the algorithm has good results.

A Psychometric Examination of the Anagram Persistence Task: More Than Two Unsolvable Anagrams May Not Be Better

Assessment ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1198-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles E. Gignac ◽  
Ka Ki Wong
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Test Taking ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Administration Time

The purpose of this investigation was to examine a single-anagram, a double-anagram, and multi-anagram versions of the Anagram Persistence Task (APT) for factorial validity, reliability, and convergent validity. Additionally, a battery of intelligence tests was administered to examine convergent validity. Based on an unrestricted factor analysis, two factors were uncovered from the 14 anagram (seven very difficult and seven very easy) response times: test-taking persistence and verbal processing speed. The internal consistency reliabilities for the single-anagram, double-anagram, and multi-anagram (seven difficult anagrams) measures were .42, .85, and .86, respectively. Furthermore, all three versions of the APT correlated positively with intelligence test performance ( r ≈ .22). However, the double-anagram and multi-anagram versions also evidenced negative, nonlinear effects with intelligence test performance ( r ≈ −.15), which suggested the possibility of testee adaptation. Taking psychometrics and administration time into consideration, simultaneously, the double-anagram version of the APT may be regarded as preferred.

Effects of wavelength error and spectral band width on measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity.

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Schifreen ◽  
R W Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Band Width ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Two Factors

Abstract We re-examined the effects of wavelength error and spectral band width on the measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity. The methods we studied is relatively insensitive to these two factors, a conclusion we base on both experimental results and theoretical analysis. These findings are in conflict with a recently published report [Lott et al., Clin. Chem. 24, 938 (1978)], and we suggest a possible explanation for this.

scholarly journals A mechanism for evolution of the physical concepts network

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 24001
Author(s):  
V. Palchykov ◽  
M. Krasnytska ◽  
O. Mryglod ◽  
Yu. Holovatch
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Scientific Concepts ◽  
Network Growth ◽  
Preferential Selection ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Two Factors

We suggest an underlying mechanism that governs the growth of a network of concepts, a complex network that reflects the connections between different scientific concepts based on their co-occurrences in publications. To this end, we perform empirical analysis of a network of concepts based on the preprints in physics submitted to the arXiv.org. We calculate the network characteristics and show that they cannot follow as a result of several simple commonly used network growth models. In turn, we suggest that a simultaneous account of two factors, i.e., growth by blocks and preferential selection, gives an explanation of empirically observed properties of the concepts network. Moreover, the observed structure emerges as a synergistic effect of these both factors: each of them alone does not lead to a satisfactory picture.

Extending XML Types Using Updates

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béatrice Bouchou ◽  
Denio Duarte ◽  
Mírian Halfeld Ferrari ◽  
Martin A. Musicante
Keyword(s):  
Web Service ◽  
Xml Schema ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Element Content ◽  
Network Connection ◽  
Service Evolution ◽  
Xml Document ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Service Protocol ◽  
The Web

The XML Messaging Protocol, a part of the Web service protocol stack, is responsible for encoding messages in a common XML format (or type), so that they can be understood at either end of a network connection. The evolution of an XML type may be required in order to reflect new communication needs, materialized by slightly different XML messages. For instance, due to a service evolution, it might be interesting to extend a type in order to allow the reception of more information, when it is available, instead of always disregarding it. The authors’ proposal consists in a conservative XML schema evolution. The framework is as follows: administrators enter updates performed on a valid XML document in order to specify new documents expected to be valid, and the system computes new types accepting both such documents and previously valid ones. Changing the type is mainly changing regular expressions that define element content models. They present the algorithm that implements this approach, its properties and experimental results.

Accessing Remote Locations

2011 ◽  
pp. 173-185
Author(s):  
Jana Polgar ◽  
Robert Mark Braum ◽  
Tony Polgar
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Data Stream ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Remote Locations ◽  
The Web ◽  
Server Process

Most of today’s portal implementations provide a model that facilitates plugging various components (portlets) into the portal infrastructure. Portlets run locally on the portal server, process input data, and render output. A local portlet and a good caching strategy for the content improves the response times, performance, and scalability of portal systems. However, very often we need to access remote Web services. One solution is to use a local portlet to access a remote Web service via its interface, obtain the required results as a raw data stream, and locally render the results in a fragment. This approach is relevant for data-oriented Web services. An alternative solution is to equip the Web service with an additional interface in the form of a portlet. When the Web service is called, it returns the entire portlet instead of raw data. This approach is suitable for presentation-oriented Web services.

Selective Querying for Adapting Hierarchical Web Service Compositions

2011 ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
John Harney ◽  
Prashant Doshi
Keyword(s):  
Web Service ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Nested Structure

Web Service compositions (WSC) often operate in volatile environments where the parameters of the component services change during execution. To remain optimal, the WSC could adapt to these changes by querying the participating providers for their revised parameters. Previously, the value of changed information (VOC) has been utilized in simple WSCs to selectively query only those services whose revised parameters are expected to bring about significant changes in the composition. In many cases, however, in order to promote scalability, a WSC is formulated as a more complex, nested structure – a higher-level WSC may be composed of WSs and lower-level WSCs – inducing a natural hierarchy over the composition. This chapter presents a novel approach that extends the capabilities of VOC-driven querying to address the problem of adapting hierarchical WSCs. It shows how to compose and adapt hierarchical WSCs by first deriving a model of volatility for lower-level WSCs and then by descending down the levels of nesting and computing the VOC for WSCs at each level. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach provides an effective and efficient solution for complex, hierarchical WSCs.

A Web Service-based Grid Portal for Edgebreaker Compression

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Barba ◽  
E. Blasi ◽  
M. Cafaro ◽  
S. Fiore ◽  
M. Mirto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Computational Grids ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Remote Visualization ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Grid Portal ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Novel Approach

Summary Background: In health applications, and elsewhere, 3D data sets are increasingly accessed through the Internet. To reduce the transfer time while maintaining an unaltered 3D model, adequate compression and decompression techniques are needed. Recently, Grid technologies have been integrated with Web Services technologies to provide a framework for interoperable application-to-application interaction. Objectives: The paper describes an implementation of the Edgebreaker compression technique exploiting web services technology and presents a novel approach for using such services in a Grid Portal. The Grid portal, developed at the CACT/ISUFI of the University of Lecce, allows the processing and delivery of biomedical images (CT – computerized tomography – and MRI – magnetic resonance images) in a distributed environment, using the power and security of computational Grids. Methods: The Edgebreaker Compression Web Service has been deployed on a Grid portal and allows compressing and decompressing 3D data sets using the Globus toolkit GSI (Globus Security Infrastructure) protocol. Moreover, the classical algorithm has been modified extending the compression to files containing more than one object. Results and Conclusions: An implementation of the Edgebreaker compression technique and related experimental results are presented. A novel approach for using the compression web service in a Grid portal allowing storing and preprocessing of huge 3D data sets, and subsequent efficient transmission of results for remote visualization is also described.

scholarly journals English compound and non-compound processing in bilingual and multilingual speakers: Effects of dominance and sequential multilingualism

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge González Alonso ◽  
Julián Villegas ◽  
María del Pilar García Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Response Times ◽  
First Language ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Taxi Driver ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Third Language ◽  
Two Factors

This article reports on a study investigating the relative influence of the first language and dominant language (L1) on second language (L2) and third language (L3) morpho-lexical processing. A lexical decision task compared the responses to English NV-er compounds (e.g. taxi driver) and non-compounds provided by a group of native speakers and three groups of learners at various levels of English proficiency: L1 Spanish – L2 English sequential bilinguals and two groups of early Spanish–Basque bilinguals with English as their L3. Crucially, the two trilingual groups differed in their first and dominant language (i.e. L1 Spanish – L2 Basque vs. L1 Basque – L2 Spanish). Our materials exploit an (a)symmetry between these languages: while Basque and English pattern together in the basic structure of (productive) NV-er compounds, Spanish presents a construction that differs in directionality as well as inflection of the verbal element (V[3SG] + N). Results show between and within group differences in accuracy and response times that may be ascribable to two factors besides proficiency: the number of languages spoken by a given participant and their dominant language. An examination of response bias reveals an influence of the participants’ first and dominant language on the processing of NV-er compounds. Our data suggest that morphological information in the non-native lexicon may extend beyond morphemic structure and that, similarly to bilingualism, there are costs to sequential multilingualism in lexical retrieval.

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