Blind Equalization for Broadband Access using the Constant Modulus Algorithm

2011 ◽  
pp. 76-101
Author(s):  
Mark S. Leeson ◽  
Eugene Iwu
Keyword(s):  
Blind Equalization ◽  
Digital Transmission ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Constant Modulus ◽  
Digital Subscriber Line ◽  
Constant Modulus Algorithm ◽  
Fiber To The Home ◽  
Training Sequences ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
The Cost

The cost of laying optical fiber to the home means that digital transmission using copper twisted pairs is still widely used to provide broadband Internet access via Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) techniques. However, copper transmission systems were optimally designed for voice transmission and cause distortion of high bandwidth digital information signals. Thus equalization is needed to ameliorate the effects of the distortion. To avoid wasting precious bandwidth, it is desirable that the equalization is blind, operating without training sequences. This chapter concerns the use of a popular blind adaptive equalization algorithm, namely the Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) that penalizes deviations from a fixed value in the modulus of the equalizer output signal. The CMA is set in the context of blind equalization, with particular focus on systems that sample at fractions of the symbol time. Illustrative examples show the performance of the CMA on an ideal noiseless channel and in the presence of Gaussian noise. Realistic data simulations for microwave and DSL channels confirm that the CMA is capable of dealing with the non-ideal circumstances that will be encountered in practical transmission scenarios.

New Dual-Mode FSE Suitable for High-Order QAM Signals

2013 ◽  
Vol 760-762 ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
Hui Juan Gao ◽  
Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Digital Transmission ◽  
High Order ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Constant Modulus ◽  
Constant Modulus Algorithm ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
Training Sequences ◽  
Second Mode

In the digital transmission system, constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is a famous blind equalization to overcome the inter-symbol interference without the aid of training sequences. But for the non-constant modulus signals such as higher-order QAM signals, the CMA just achieve moderate steady-state mean square error (MSE). So a new dual-mode fractionally-spaced equalization (FSE) suitable for high-order QAM signals is proposed, which makes full use of the character which is that the high-order QAM signals have the different modulus. This algorithm uses the FSE based on CMA as the basal mode and in the second mode it uses the FSE based on variable modulus algorithm. The simulation results show that compared with CMA the proposed algorithm has faster convergence rate and lower steady-state mean square error.

New Hybrid Blind Equalization Algorithms

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 1810-1815
Author(s):  
Shun Lan Liu ◽  
Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blind Equalization ◽  
Convergence Speed ◽  
Variable Step Size ◽  
Constant Modulus ◽  
Computation Complexity ◽  
Constant Modulus Algorithm ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Variable Step ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Cost

A novel decision-directed Modified Constant Modulus Algorithm (DD-MCMA) was proposed firstly. Then a constellation matched error (CME) function was added to the cost function of DD-MCMA and CME-DD-MCMA algorithm was presented. Furthermore, we improve the CME-DD-MCMA by replacing the fixed step with variable step size, that is VSS-CME-DD-MCMA algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed new blind equalization algorithms can tremendously accelerate the convergence speed and achieve lower residual inter-symbol interference (ISI) than MCMA, and among the three proposed algorithms, VSS-CME-DD-MCMA has the fastest convergence speed and the lowest residual ISI, but it has the largest computation complexity.

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