Making the Invisible Visible

The purpose of this chapter is to explore how the invisible is being made visible in smart cities and regions. The research literature for urban approaches to making the invisible visible is explored in this chapter in the context of smart and responsive cities and regions, enabling the identification of opportunities for research and practice. Using an exploratory case study approach combined with an explanatory correlational design, this chapter reveals how people describe and assess their experience of cities as smart. An analysis of quantitative and qualitative data focusing on the constructs of heightening urban sensibilities and urbanizing sheds light on opportunities for both practice and research going forward. This chapter makes a contribution to 1) the research literature for urban approaches to the making of smarter and more responsive cities through making the invisible visible and 2) conceptual and practical thinking through formulation and operationalization of an emerging framework for making the invisible visible in urban spaces and regions.

The purpose of this chapter is to explore urban visibilities and invisibilities in terms of the physical, digital, less tangible, and ambient in relation to the need for new methodologies and approaches in understanding and designing for smart cities. This chapter seeks to shed light on the interweaving of elements in urban environments informing methodologies for smart cities. The research literature for urban methodologies and approaches in the context of visibilities and invisibilities is explored in this chapter for smart cities and regions. Using an exploratory case study approach combined with an explanatory correlational design, placemaking and attuning to urban spaces are investigated as proxies for InVisibilities and the ambient.


The purpose of this chapter is to explore visible and invisible flows of information as an emerging and evolving landscape in technology-infused experiences of the city. As such, this work aims to shed additional light on the concept of the ambient in terms of participation in relation to culture, economies, and everything. The research literature for culture, economies, and other urban elements as ambient is explored in this chapter in the context of smart cities, enabling identification of issues, controversies, and problems. Using an exploratory case study approach, solutions and recommendations are advanced. This chapter makes a contribution to 1) the research literature for ambient culture and economies and the ambient turn for smart and responsive cities, 2) the evolving of urban theory, and 3) research and practice through formulation and operationalization of a conceptual framework for ambient cultures and economies in smart cities.


The purpose of this chapter is to explore translucence and the ambient as dimensions of urban visibilities and invisibilities in the context of emergent perspectives on smart cities to enrich understandings. The research literature for translucence and the ambient is explored in terms of urban visibilities and invisibilities in smart cities and regions, enabling the formulation and operationalization of a conceptual framework to guide the investigation in this chapter. Using an exploratory case study approach, combined with an explanatory correlational design, survey and interview responses provide a mix of quantitative and qualitative data for analysis. This chapter makes a contribution to 1) the research literature for translucence and the ambient in smart cities and regions, 2) the surfacing of additional urban elements for understanding 21st century cities, and 3) the evolving of theory through formulation of a conceptual framework for translucence and the ambient in smart cities.


The purpose of this chapter is to explore transparency and the ambient in relation to evolving perspectives on smart cities and regions. As such, this chapter seeks to shed light on the importance of elements in urban environments informing urban visibilities and invisibilities for smart, responsive, and future cities. The research literature for transparency and the ambient is explored in this chapter in the context of visibilities and invisibilities in smart cities. The constructs of openness and attuning to urban spaces are used to explore transparency and the ambient. This chapter uses an exploratory case study approach in combination with an explanatory correlational design. This chapter makes a contribution to 1) the research literature for transparency and the ambient in smart cities, 2) the evolving of perspectives on smart cities and regions, and 3) the evolving of theory through formulation of a conceptual framework for transparency and the ambient in smart cities.


The purpose of this chapter is to provide a review of the research literature for works that are pushing the boundaries of smart cities in providing a glimpse of perspectives going forward. This chapter focuses on ambient explorations, microgrids and smartgrids, wise cities, and the quantum concept in shedding light on the evolving nature of the people-technologies-cities dynamic for more adaptive urban environments, characteristic of smart and responsive cities. Using an exploratory case study approach, solutions and recommendations are advanced. An analysis is provided of issues, controversies, and problems along with a discussion of the solutions and recommendations offered. Perspectives emerge for looking beyond and into the future of ambient urbanities in identifying potential directions for practitioners and researchers. This chapter makes a contribution to 1) the research literature for smart cities and future cities and 2) perspectives beyond ambient urbanities that encompass parallel and complementary potentials for smarter urbanities.


The purpose of this chapter is to explore urban visibilities and invisibilities, being attentive to the physical, digital, and ambient, giving rise to the need for further developing and extending spaces for theory. As such, this chapter seeks to shed light on the importance of elements pertaining to the visible, the invisible, and the ambient in urban environments informing theory for smart, responsive, and future cities. The research literature for urban theory in relation to urban visibilities and invisibilities is explored in this chapter in the context of smart and responsive cities. Using an exploratory case study approach, this chapter makes a contribution to 1) the research literature for urban theory in relation to smart and responsive cities, 2) the evolving of urban theory for smarter cities and regions, and 3) the evolving of theory through frameworks in support of the interweaving of spaces for invisibilities and visibilities as InVisibilities in a more aware environment, as in, ambient.


The purpose of this chapter is to explore sharing, collaboration, and openness in relation to smart cities in response to the state of the privacy construct that is said to be in disarray. A rethinking and innovating of the privacy construct is advanced in this chapter in evolving the ambient privacy framework in support of sharing, collaboration, and openness as critical dimensions of smart cities. The research literature for sharing, collaboration, and openness is explored in this chapter in the context of smart and responsive cities, enabling the identification of issues, controversies, and problems. Using an exploratory case study approach, solutions and recommendations are advanced. This chapter makes a contribution to 1) the research literature for urban sharing, collaboration, and openness in smart and responsive cities; 2) the innovating of privacy for 21st century cities; and 3) urban theory in formulating a conceptual framework for innovating privacy for smarter urbanities.


The purpose of this chapter is to explore digital literacies in the context of smart cities in relation to aware people and aware technologies. This work aims to shed light on the ambient concept for learning, play, and inclusion contributing to emergent requirements for urban digital literacies. The research literature for digital literacies, ambient learning, ambient play, and ambient inclusion is explored in this chapter in the context of smart cities, enabling identification of issues, controversies, and problems. Using an exploratory case study approach, solutions and recommendations are advanced. This chapter makes a contribution to 1) the research literature for digital literacies, ambient learning, ambient play, and ambient inclusion in smart cities; 2) the evolving of urban theory for 21st century cities; and 3) ambient urbanities by formulating and operationalizing a conceptual framework for ambient learning, play, and inclusion for smart cities in support of research and practice.


The purpose of this chapter is to explore the visible and invisible aspects and elements of contemporary urban environments and regions through a review of the research and practice literature on smart cities. Using an exploratory case study approach combined with an explanatory correlational design, the relationship between the visible and invisible is explored with individuals in multiple small- to medium- to large-sized cities in a range of countries. This chapter is significant in that it explores the nature of the relationship between the visible and the invisible in smart urban environments and regions. Key contributions of this work include 1) providing a review of the research and practice literature for urban visibilities and invisibilities in smart cities, 2) exploring theory associated with the visible and invisible in smart cities, and 3) formulating and operationalizing a conceptual framework for visibilities and invisibilities in support of emerging smart city research and opportunities.


The purpose of this chapter is to explore urban visibilities and invisibilities through the use of ambient approaches and inquires in smart cities and regions. As such, this chapter seeks to further operationalize elements of ambient InVisibilities advanced in this book, incorporating livability and well-being and challenges and opportunities associated with data. The research literature for well-being and livability in relation to urban data visibilities and invisibilities is explored in this chapter in the context of smart and responsive cities. Using an exploratory case study approach, combined with an explanatory correlational design, selected elements of urban life in smart cities are is investigated. This chapter makes a contribution to 1) the research literature for well-being and livability and other emergent complexities associated with data in the context of smart cities and 2) the evolving of theory through formulation of a conceptual framework for augmented awareness for ambient Invisibilities in smart cities.


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