Community Programs

2021 ◽  
pp. 489-503
Author(s):  
Ramona S. McNeal ◽  
Susan M. Kunkle ◽  
Mary Schmeida
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
School Board ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal System ◽  
Community Programs ◽  
Local Schools ◽  
Online Aggression ◽  
Board Level ◽  
Policy Solutions

The United States has a federal system. One advantage of a federal system is that it can encourage competition among the states resulting in the testing of new policy solutions and the diffusion of best practices. This holds true for online aggression policy, particularly those addressing cyberbullying. This chapter begins with a discussion of the literature on strategies being adopted at the school board level to limit the spread of cyberbullying. It concludes with an overview of current evaluation research comparing recent policies being implemented by local schools.

Community Programs

2018 ◽  
pp. 79-99
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
School Board ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal System ◽  
Community Programs ◽  
Local Schools ◽  
Online Aggression ◽  
Board Level ◽  
Policy Solutions

The United States has a federal system. One advantage of a federal system is that it can encourage competition among the states resulting in the testing of new policy solutions and the diffusion of best practices. This holds true for online aggression policy, particularly those addressing cyberbullying. This chapter begins with a discussion of the literature on strategies being adopted at the school board level to limit the spread of cyberbullying. It concludes with an overview of current evaluation research comparing recent policies being implemented by local schools.

scholarly journals The State of Evaluation Research on Food Policies to Reduce Obesity and Diabetes Among Adults in the United States, 2000–2011

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Freudenberg ◽  
Emily Franzosa ◽  
Nancy Sohler ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Heather Devlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Food Policies

Fighting for the local: Americans for Prosperity and the struggle for school boards

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Schirmer ◽  
Michael W. Apple
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
School Board ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jefferson County ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
News Reports ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
School Board Elections

Corporate-backed philanthropic groups have become increasingly involved in political processes in the past ten years. The Koch Brothers’ and their political advocacy groups, have become particularly prominent players. Their influence extends beyond high-profile state-level elections and increasingly have begun investing in municipal affairs of small cities and towns, such as school board elections like Kenosha, Wisconsin and Jefferson County, Colorado in the US. This chapter asks, why do groups like Americans for Prosperity care about small-town school board elections? This chapter highlights two particularly significant local examples in the United States: school board elections in Kenosha, Wisconsin, in 2014 and Jefferson County, Colorado in 2015. Through documentary analysis of school board records, news reports, and district evaluations, in both Wisconsin and Colorado, we chronicle the political contest for control of each school board. Our findings illustrate the ideological and political project of corporate, conservative influence in public education in the United States.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Equity Among Policy Solutions for Traffic Congestion

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Steakley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Pricing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vertical Equity ◽  
Flat Tax ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Evaluative Criteria ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Policy Solutions

The emergence of ride-hailing in the United States has brought forth new issues for its cities, particularly a large influx of traffic congestion. Today, several cities have introduced distinct ideas to solve congestion issues while debating their implications for equity. This paper examines the equity implications of traffic congestion in America'•s cities by comparing a flat tax rate on ride-hailing to various road pricing mechanisms using specific evaluative criteria, including transportation access and vertical equity. This paper begins with an overview of ride-hailing in the United States and the congestion problem it poses for cities, then reviews the literature around congestion and equity, describes and assesses the equity of a flat tax rate and road pricing, and ends with broad implications resourced from the literature for future policy.

Part VI Federalism, Ch.36 Federal Jurisdiction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stellios James
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
The United States ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
State Courts ◽  
Federal System ◽  
High Court ◽  
System P ◽  
Judicial Federalism ◽  
Federal Jurisdiction

This chapter identifies the origins, content, and operation of federal jurisdiction in Australia. In the United States the creation of federal jurisdiction was the necessary concomitant of the establishment of the judicial arm of federal government. The same could not be said of the conditions for Australian federalism. Federalism Australian-style did not require a federal system of courts. Further complicating the issue was the ‘autochthonous expedient’: the facility provided to Parliament for the use of State courts to exercise federal jurisdiction. Hence the chapter also seeks to suggest that the discordance between the concept and purpose of federal jurisdiction left the High Court with the challenging task of conceptualizing ‘judicial federalism’. In executing that task, High Court jurisprudence has presented differing conceptions of the place of State courts within the federal judicial system.

3. Party organizations: What do they look like? What do they do?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sandy Maisel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Party ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal System ◽  
Party Organization ◽  
Electoral Process ◽  
Party Organizations

‘Party organizations: What do they look like? What do they do?’ examines each of those questions and reveals that political party organizations in the United States reflect the nation's federal system. The party is organized at each electoral level. The main purpose of the party is to assist their candidates to get into office. The party organization does not define party policy nor do its leaders exercise much authority of those elected under the party label. This is a situation that has changed quite markedly over the last century as changes have taken place in the electoral process.

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