Performing schools and tutorial methods in the epic art of bagshy-dessanchy

Искусство туркменских бахши-дестанчи имеет древние истоки и отличается жанровым богатством и стилевым разнообразием. Эпическое наследие туркмен в достаточной степени изучено филологами, этнографами, однако специальных исследований, раскрывающих природу сохранения изустной традиции и описывающих методы передачи эпических жанров из поколения в поколение в Туркменистане, до сих пор нет. Цель статьи – описать бытующие школы эпического сказительства, выявить их жанровые, исполнительские особенности, сохранившиеся в искусстве бахши-дестанчи традиции наставничества, а также охарактеризовать методы, позволяющие сказителям хранить в памяти огромное количество эпических песен и текстов. Для решения намеченных целей были осуществлены следующие задачи: проанализированы эпические жанры различных локальных школ; проведен сравнительный анализ исполнения эпоса одним и тем же сказителем в различные периоды времени, а также наставника и его учеников; определены факторы, влияющие на изменение дестанов. В качестве методологической базы использованы труды А. Лорда, В. В. Бартольда, В. М. Жирмунского, В. Я. Проппа, Е. Э. Бертельса, Б. Н. Путилова, К. Райхла. Источниками для анализа послужили образцы эпического наследия из аудио фонда Туркменской национальной консерватории, а также полевые аудио/видео материалы из личного архива авторов. Впервые в статье в качестве жанров эпических сказителей рассматриваются не только традиционные эпосы и дестаны, но и жанр легенды с музыкой, а также излюбленные в народе музыкально-поэтические транскрипции произведений поэтов-классиков. Проведенные исследования позволили выявить формообразующую роль песен и их функции, осуществляющие развитие музыкальной драматургии в дестанах. Впервые в работе выявлены «песни-маяки», составляющие каркас эпического сказания и способствующие запоминанию повествования в памяти народных сказителей. Незакреплённость песенных мотивов к текстам, а также использование в песнях мелодий-тем (музыкальных напевов, характерных для конкретных локальных школ) определяет особенности туркменского дестанного исполнительства. Учитывая тенденцию к ослабеванию интереса молодого поколения к древней традиции, изучение методов преемственности, используемых в процессе сохранения традиции устного наследия, представляется своевременным и актуальным. The art of Turkmen bagshy-dessanchy (epictellers) is ancient and distinguished by its genre richness and stylistic diversity. The epic heritage of Turkmens has been sufficiently studied by philologists and ethnographers, but there are no special studies in Turkmenistan revealing the nature of the oral tradition preservation and the methods of transmitting epic genres from generation to generation. The purpose of the article was to reveal the genre and performing features of the schools of epic epic-telling in Turkmenistan, describe the traditions of mentoring that have survived in the art of bagshy-dessanchy, and identify methods that allow Turkmen storytellers to keep in memory a huge number of songs and texts. To solve these goals, the following tasks were carried out: the epic legends of various local schools were analyzed; a comparative analysis of the performance of the epic by the same narrator in different periods of time was carried out; revealed differences in the performance of the same legend by the mentor and his students; the factors and means influencing the change of destans have been determined. The works of A. Lord, V. Barthold, V. Zhirmunsky, V. Propp, E. Bertels, B. Putilov, K. Reichl were used in the article as a methodological base. The sources for the analysis were samples of the epic heritage from the Fund of audio materials of the Turkmen National Conservatory, as well as field audio-, videomaterials from the authors’ personal archives. In the article, for the first time, not only epic cycles and destans, but also the genre of legend with music, as well as poetic transcriptions of the classical poet’s works were considered as the main genres of bagshy-destanchy. The studies helped to identify the formative role of epic songs and their important functions, thanks to which the development of the musical dramaturgy in epic genres was carried out. For the first time, we identified the beacon songs, that make up the frame of Turkmen epic works, thanks to which the epic text remembering in the memory of bagshy-dessanchy. The looseness of song motifs with texts, using the theme-melodies (musical tunes, which characteristic of specific local schools) in epic songs showed the particularities of Turkmen destan performance. Taking into account the tendency towards a gradual weakening of the interest of the younger generation in the ancient tradition, the identification of the methods used in the process of preserving the oral epic heritage is highly relevant.

The opportunity structure of segregation: School choice and school segregation in Sweden

It is a matter of debate whether free school choice should lead to higher or lower levels of school segregation. We investigate how school choice opportunities affect school segregation utilizing geocoded Swedish population register data with information on 13 cohorts of ninth graders. We find that local school choice opportunities strongly affect the sorting of students across schools based on the parents’ country of birth and level of education. An increase in the number of local schools leads to higher levels of local segregation net of stable area characteristics, and time-varying controls for population structure and local residential segregation. In particular, the local presence of private voucher schools pushes school segregation upwards. The segregating impact of school choice opportunities is notably stronger in ‘native’ areas with high portions of highly educated parents, and in areas with low residential segregation. Our results point to the importance of embedding individual actors in relevant opportunity structures for understanding segregation processes.

Toward Equity-Based Pedagogy: Monolingual Teachers’ Transformative Thinking Process

The reality that English language learners (ell s) have not been receiving adequate support in the mainstream classroom calls for urgency to prepare teachers in teacher education programs. Grounded in the theoretical construct of praxis and linguistically and culturally relevant approach (lcra), the purpose of this article is to share the author’s experience on how she supported monolingual teachers to engage in equity-based pedagogy. This article will focus on the specific projects that the author’s graduate students (mostly white and monolingual teachers/teacher candidates) conducted as a way to better understand the diverse needs of ell s in the dominant English context. The projects include: reflecting on monolingual identities through being in ell s’ shoes, building professional capital through theories of language learning, discussing and critiquing texts on ell s with a critical lens, designing lessons that integrate ell s’ culture as well as conducting the fieldwork in local schools, and synthesizing learning through the options of multiple final projects including learning a new language (e.g., ell s’ primary language). These activities intended to promote monolingual teachers’ transformative thinking process through the process of praxis and lcra in teacher education programs.

Indonesian language teaching in elementary school

In learning activities, there is often a learning saturation that arises from students. This can be triggered by various things. Therefore, as a researcher, he took the initiative to apply modeling in learning, especially in language learning. Thus, the purpose of this research is the application of an explicit type of cooperative learning model instructions chronological technique of events in writing narratives from interview texts. This research is applied or piloted to students consisting of several schools in Indonesia as well as the object of research. The research instrument is the researcher himself as the key/main instrument. In addition, the researcher was also assisted by several other teams of research students and teachers from local schools. Based on the results of research through testing the model, it is categorized that there is a significant increase in learning. It can be seen that the average score of students reaches 85% of the maximum threshold of 90%. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of the model is considered successful and can be applied in various schools in the world.

IMPACT OF THE QUALITY OF SPACE OF LEARNING ENVIRONMENT ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN : Insights from three selected schools form Kandy, Sri Lanka

Children with Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD)are found to struggle with diverse challenges in achieving quality of life in their education environments. In view of this the current investigation looked in to the impact of the quality of space in their learning environments in enhancing the Quality of life of Autistic children. Two types of school environments that accommodate students with ASD were examined namely, a special education school (A) and two mainstream schools with special educational units (B & C) in Kandy, considering 10 participants from each school (n=30). Inclusive design parameters were examined by a photographic survey and observations by the investigator and recorded via a 5-point Likert scale based on their level of presence. Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedQL) was adopted to measure quality of life of participants. School A demonstrated the highest averages of for quality of space (65%) as well as quality of life ( 61.7%) while C ( 34%/48.3%) and B ( 30%/44.7%) showed lower averages respectively. Accordingly, the study observed a clear relationship between the Quality of Space and the Quality of Life of children with ASD, highlighting the potential of enhancing the quality of life of the students with ASD by improving the quality of space of local schools.

“This is Not Who We Are”: Students Leading for Anti-Racist Policy Changes in Alexandria City Public Schools, Virginia

This paper centers the voices of students who successfully struggled alongside justice-minded school board members and other concerned citizens to create anti-racist policy changes in Alexandria City Public Schools, Virginia. Specifically, we examine the history behind, and political processes involved with, changing the names of two local schools due to the racist political commitments of their namesakes. Lessons learned include the need to carefully structure the policy change process to include students, families, and other community members in critical dialog and amplify the voices of those most impacted by the structural racism that needs to be dismantled: The students.

Anemia and its Effect on the Scholastic Performance of Fifth Grade School Children

Aim: To study the effect of anemia on the academic performance of fifth grade students, Study design: Cross-sectional comparative study. Place and duration of study: Local schools in Abbottabad from January to June 2018. Methods: Study subjects were fifth grade students who were randomly divided into two groups based on their hemoglobin (Hb) levels. First group, which was control group, had 40 students with Hb levels ≥ 10.0 gm/dL while second group, which was anemic group, consisted of 40 anemic students who had Hb levels < 10.0 gm/dL. Hemoglobin levels were estimated using 03 cc of blood in EDTA containing vials using aseptic technique and using standard method. Academic performance was assessed based on the scores obtained using tests (both objective and subjective) in the subjects of English, Math and Urdu. Results: Mean Hb levels were 14.5gm/dL in control group while it was 9.45gm/dL in case of anemic group. There was a significant association between anemia and the academic performance of the students. Average test score of control subjects was 96.23 while mean score for anemic subjects was 76.35. This showed that the students in control group had performed significantly well as compared to that in anemic group (p value 0.001). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between anemia and scholastic performance of the students wherein anemia affects their educational performance. Therefore, nutritional supplementation programs should be initiated particularly at primary school levels so as to avoid the detrimental effects of micronutrient deficiency particularly iron on cognition and education and which in turn will lead to better educational performance and achievement. Keywords: Anemia, school, performance, scholastic

Willful Defiance

Willful Defiance documents how Black and Brown parents, students and members of low-income communities of color organized to dismantle the school-to-prison pipeline in their local schools and built a movement that spread across the country. The book begins in the Mississippi Delta where African American families were some of the first to name and speak out against the school-to-prison pipeline and challenge anti-Black racism, exclusionary discipline policies that suspend and expel students of color at disproportionate rates and policing practices that lead students into the juvenile and criminal justice systems. The book examines organizing processes in Mississippi, Los Angeles, Chicago, and other localities, showing how groups led by parents and students of color built the power to win policy changes to reduce suspensions and expulsions by centering the participation of people most impacted by injustice and combining deep local organizing with resources from the national movement. It shows how an intersectional movement emerged as girls of color and gender nonconforming students asserted their voice, the movement won victories to remove or defund school police and sought to establish restorative justice alternatives to transform deep-seated racism in public schools. The book documents the struggle organizers waged to build a movement led by community groups accountable to people most impacted by injustice rather than Washington-based professional advocates. It offers a new model for federated movements that operate simultaneously at local, state, and national levels, while primarily oriented to support local organizing and reconceptualizes national movements as interconnected local struggles whose victories are lifted up and “nationalized” to transform racially inequitable policies at multiple levels.

Accelerating teacher career through improving competence in scientific publications: Physics teacher perspectives

In promotion of teachers career to a higher level are required to write scientific papers. This study aims to describe the physics teacher’s perspective on the promotion process they have experienced so far and the obstacles they face. This research is a descriptive research, data collection through questionnaire and information deepening is done through interviews. The sample of this research is 73 physics teachers. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be seen that more than 65% of physics teachers have difficulty in fulfilling scientific publication requirements for promotion, 85% of respondents have done classroom action research (CAR), but only about 44% have published in the form of scientific articles. In general, teachers have experience in conducting CAR, but they still lack experience in writing scientific articles. Most physics teachers expect local schools and education offices to cooperate with universities to organize training and mentoring of scientific publications. This study can be concluded that the main obstacle to the promotion of physics teachers is caused by the low ability to carry out scientific publications. The results of this study are expected to provide consideration to stakeholders in making decisions and actions related to teacher promotion, especially regarding the mandatory requirements for scientific publications.

The grow-your-own approach to teacher preparation: A conversation with Amaya Garcia

Amaya Garcia of New America talks with Kappan about grow-your-own programs, in which school districts partner with teacher preparation programs to recruit and prepare community members, often current students or school staff, to teach in local schools. A recent 50-state scan shows that there is a great deal of variety in how these programs are designed and implemented, and data on the effectiveness of these programs to address teacher shortages is still emerging. Garcia discusses some specific programs that appear especially promising.