Probability of willingness to pay road pricing based on the perspective of households in Jakarta

The determination of tariff is necessary for a city willing to implement electronic road pricing such as Jakarta. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of household characteristics on the willingness and probability to pay more than IDR 20,000. The focus was on those commuting to work within the city where the majority of people work in the formal sector. Moreover, the Willingness to Pay IDR 20,000 was proposed as a variable while age, number of family members, income, vehicle ownership and the work type were used as the explanatory variables. The results showed the general effect of households in receiving ERP rates was low as indicated by the 16.9% recorded. However, family with total members of 4-5 people and owning a vehicle was observed to have a partially great and significant probability to increase the willingness to pay tariffs > IDR 20,000 while those earning income <IDR 5 million and working as private employees were discovered to have contributed negatively and significantly even though the probability was small. There is, therefore, the need for a comprehensive study when determining tariffs and the amount is recommended to be more expensive than public transport.

Assessing road pricing effects on a multimodal network based on macroscopic fundamental diagram hysteresis

Purpose Road pricing is an efficient strategy for managing urban traffic to relieve congestion. The macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD), which relates the average network density and flow, is a simple tool for assessing road pricing effects on transportation network performance. However, recent research indicates that it may have complexity (an MFD hysteresis loop), especially for city-scale networks. Although ignoring MFD hysteresis may provide inaccurate results, pricing models that consider this hysteresis are scarce. This paper aims to assess road pricing effects on network performance considering MFD hysteresis characteristics. Design/methodology/approach This paper evaluated different pricing strategies spatially and temporally and compared network performance based on MFD shape in the presence of MFD hysteresis loops. These strategies were developed on a multimodal (cars and buses) network using a multi-agent transport simulation (MATSim). Findings This study found that pricing some links for a short duration with an optimum charge calculated based on the MFD provides higher travel time savings than the previous relevant studies. Originality/value These findings may facilitate assessing road pricing effects on multimodal network performance considering MFD hysteresis.

A Model to Evaluate the Effect of Urban Road Pricing on Traffic Speed and Congestion in Madrid City Center and Its Surrounding

Currently, traffic intensity in large cities and their surroundings constitute the main unsustainability factor associated with urban transport, leading to significant traffic speed reduction due to high levels of congestion. Road pricing seems to be a measure of transport policy capable of improving efficiency and sustainability in urban transport, reducing traffic intensity and increasing traffic speed, as reflected in the main road pricing indicators currently in operation (Singapore, London, Stockholm, Milan...). Based on the data obtained through a mobility survey applied to a theoretical design of road pricing for the city of Madrid, we developed a traffic speed forecast model using time series analysis, to which we applied the mobility survey results. The research results show that theoretical urban road pricing could imply very significant positive effects in traffic speed increase and congestion reduction, fundamentally in the city center and metropolitan crown, as well as demonstrating positive effects in the improvement of traffic speed in those municipalities furthest from the urban center. Moreover, our findings reveal that road pricing would allow an average traffic speed increase in the protected area of the city center during the operating hours of between 10% and 32.5%: 15.9% in the metropolitan crown, 10% in M-30, and 32.5% in the case of Madrid’s city center.