Security Against Network Layer Attacks for Hierarchal Mesh Environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Geetanjali Rathee ◽  
Hemraj Saini
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Network Simulation ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Network Delay ◽  
Routing Attacks ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Routing Mechanism ◽  
Network Metrics

This article aims to secure a routing mechanism by completing amendments in previously proposed efficient secure routing (ESR) protocols against networking layer attacks in mesh networking environments. Along with generating the tickets to prove the authenticity of communicating clients, each node proves the legitimacy of its succeeding node by computing the behaviour. The intermediate nodes selected for routing the data packets proves the legitimacy of each other by getting the passive acknowledgement process within a predefined time to live (TTL) time. Further, grey hole and black hole attacks are considered in the network simulation environment as they drastically affect the network metrics during the communication because of their severe attacking characteristics. The proposed mechanism is validated over conventional routing mechanisms against packet loss and network delay parameters in the presence of black hole and grey hole routing attacks.

Preventive Security Mechanism Based on AODV

2011 ◽  
Vol 225-226 ◽  
pp. 565-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiu Ching Tuan ◽  
Kuen Yang Chen ◽  
Yi Chao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Security Mechanism ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Routing Attacks ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Wireless Routing ◽  
Wireless Medium ◽  
Time And Energy

In a mobile ad-hoc network, MANET, designing a security routing protocol is an important issue since the mobile nodes and wireless medium are prone to be attacked. However, most of wireless routing protocols concentrated on how to reduce the data transmission time and energy consumption. Wireless routing paths in MANET may be broken or fabricated by attacking. Hence, sending data packets to the destination may failure. For defending the active black hole attacks and the passive fabricated routing attacks, we proposed a preventive security mechanism based on ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV), called PSM-AODV. PSM-AODV modified some field in RREQ, RREP, and RERR packets based on AODV. PSM-AODV thus may defend the possible black hole and fabricated routing attacks. Simulation results showed that PSM-AODV could promote the packet delivery rate based on little overhead in control packets.

scholarly journals Analysis of Attack Scenarios in Trust Authentication Protocols

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 848-858
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Authentication Protocol ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Authentication Protocols ◽  
Perfect Security

The inducing popularity of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is more concern with security factors. Secure communication is essential for demanding applications of WSN. Authentication being the crucial service due to deployment of nodes in unattended environment, this paper focus on analysis of popular trust authentication protocols such Trust Aware Routing Framework (TARF), Trust Aware Secure Routing Framework (TSRF), Trust Based Routing Scheme (TRS), Trust Guaranteed Routing (TGR) and Pair Key Based Trust Authentication Protocol (PTAP). Their performance is measured in sample simulation environment. To ensure perfect security in terms of authentication service, analysis of attack scenarios are performed. To implement this, fake attacks are created and the remaining number of legitimate nodes is measured in presence of attacks such as Sybil, black hole, replication and tampering. The analysis results in showing how each protocol withstand with different attack scenarios.

scholarly journals Fuzzy based Combined Trust Scheme for Secure Routing in MANET (FCTRS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1469-1474
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Ad Hoc Routing ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Distance Vector

Mobile Ad Hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring network consisting of mobile nodes without any fixed infrastructure. However due to the nodes has not any fixed infrastructure in MANET, it is susceptible to various security attacks like data modification, information sniff, due to low energy, computing ability and bandwidth. In MANET Black hole is also an attack and it is difficult to detect and prevent. The lack of quality in security aspects of ad-hoc routing protocols won’t provide reliability in the data packets movement between source and destination nodes. Implementing the routing decision with trust is an important one in the MANNET security. Hence, this research work propose an enhanced Fuzzy based combined trust scheme (FCTRS) based on public trust and Quality of Service (QoS) trust to detect black hole attack. It provides secure routing based on certificate authority (CA) to improve the performance of Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV). The results will show the performance improvement of proposed protocol over Enhanced Trusted Routing Scheme with Pattern Discovery (ETRS-PD) and the protocol AODV. The metrics in the performance of network examined with different conditions of mobility and the presence of black hole node positions.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF USER MOBILITY PERFORMANCE ON SOFTWARE DEFINED WIRELESS NETWORK USING DIJKSTRA ALGORITHM

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Icha Nurlaela Khoerotunisa ◽  
Sofia Naning Hertiana ◽  
Ridha Muldina Negara
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Network ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
User Mobility ◽  
Dijkstra Algorithm ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Mobility Performance

  Over the last decade, wireless devices have developed rapidly until predictions will develop with high complexity and dynamic. So that new capabilities are needed for wireless problems in this problem. Software Defined Network (SDN) is generally a wire-based network, but to meet the needs of users in terms of its implementation, it has begun to introduce a Wireless-based SDN called Software Defined Wireless Network (SDWN) which provides good service quality and reach and higher tools, so as to be able to provide new capabilities to wireless in a high complexity and very dynamic. When SDN is implemented in a wireless network it will require a routing solution that chooses paths due to network complexity. In this paper, SDWN is tested by being applied to mesh topologies of 4,6 and 8 access points (AP) because this topology is very often used in wireless-based networks. To improve network performance, Dijkstra's algorithm is added with the user mobility scheme used is RandomDirection. The Dijkstra algorithm was chosen because it is very effective compared to other algorithms. The performance measured in this study is Quality of Service (QoS), which is a parameter that indicates the quality of data packets in a network. The measurement results obtained show that the QoS value in this study meets the parameters considered by the ITU-T G1010 with a delay value of 1.3 ms for data services and packet loss below 0.1%. When compared with the ITU-T standard, the delay and packet loss fall into the very good category.

scholarly journals Black Hole Attacks on MANETs: Analysis and Prevention

2022 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Arudra Annepu ◽  
◽  
Priti Mishra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Wireless Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Reactive Routing ◽  
Wireless Medium

Wireless network technically, refers to the category of network in which communication is carried out without using wires. In modern era wireless network has great importance because the communication is taking place with the use of radio waves. Thus, the use of ad-hoc network starts yielding a great importance in variety of applications. The certain research work is carried out in this particular field. MANET is a constructed from various mobility in the form of mobile nodes and anytime without any need of fixed infrastructure. MANET can be made on fly due to lack of fixed infrastructure. MANET is numerous threats types of attacks due to dynamic changing topologies and wireless medium. Security of the MANET becomes one of the challenging tasks. Black hole attacks is the main type of attack that are possible in MANET. Black hole node not forward any data packets to the neighbour node instead it drops all the data packets. Black hole attacks are bit hard to detect due to lack of centralized access. This research work concentrates to enhance the security of MANET by identifying and blocking black hole assaults from occurring. A reactive routing system such as Ad-Hoc on Demand Distance Vector has previously been used to address security problems in the MANET (AODV). Various attack types were investigated, and the consequences of these assaults were detailed by describing how MANET performance was disrupted. Network Simulator 3 (NS3) is used for the simulation process.

scholarly journals Adaptive Routing Strategy Based on Improved Double Q-Learning for Satellite Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jian Zhou ◽  
Xiaotian Gong ◽  
Lijuan Sun ◽  
Yong Xie ◽  
Xiaoyong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Adaptive Routing ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Q Value ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Q Learning ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Node Status

Satellite Internet of Things (S-IoT), which integrates satellite networks with IoT, is a new mobile Internet to provide services for social networks. However, affected by the dynamic changes of topology structure and node status, the efficient and secure forwarding of data packets in S-IoT is challenging. In view of the abovementioned problem, this paper proposes an adaptive routing strategy based on improved double Q-learning for S-IoT. First, the whole S-IoT is regarded as a reinforcement learning environment, and satellite nodes and ground nodes in S-IoT are both regarded as intelligent agents. Each node in the S-IoT maintains two Q tables, which are used for selecting the forwarding node and for evaluating the forwarding value, respectively. In addition, the next hop node of data packets is determined depending on the mixed Q value. Second, in order to optimize the Q value, this paper makes improvements on the mixed Q value, the reward value, and the discount factor, respectively, based on the congestion degree, the hop count, and the node status. Finally, we perform extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of this adaptive routing strategy in terms of delivery rate, average delay, and overhead ratio. Evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can achieve more efficient and secure routing in the highly dynamic environment compared with the state-of-the-art strategies.

Secure Buffer-Based Routing Protocol for WMN

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-44
Author(s):  
Geetanjali Rathee ◽  
Hemraj Saini
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Link Failure ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
Network Metrics

Secure routing is considered as one of a key challenge in mesh networks because of its dynamic and broadcasting nature. The broadcasting nature of mesh environment invites number of security vulnerabilities to come and affect the network metrics drastically. Further, any node/link failure of a routed path may reduce the performance of the entire network. A number of secure routing protocols have been proposed by different researchers but enhancement of a single network parameter (i.e. security) may affect another performance metrics significantly i.e. throughput, end to end delay, packet delivery ratio etc. In order to ensure secure routing with improved network metrics, a Secure Buffer based Routing Protocol i.e. SBRP is proposed which ensures better network performance with increased level of security. SBRP protocol uses buffers at alternate positions to fasten re-routing mechanism during node/link failure and ensures the security using AES encryption. Further the protocol is analyzed against mAODV protocol in both static and dynamic environment in terms of security, packet delivery ratio, end to end delay and network throughput.

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