An Exploration of Mixed DNA Samples by Forensic Biological Data

This article presents criminal bioinformatics approach which turned out to be fast, exact, and definitive in the evaluation and the investigation of crude DNA profiling information. The most problematic scenario for mixture interpretation, however, is when the amount of DNA is limited for one or more of the sources in a mixture. The present study has examined the utility of legal bioinformatics application to Short Tandem Repeats (STR) information. The DNA profiling information is overseen and investigated on the grounds of the different loci display and changeability in various people. The authors have consolidated a similar general idea Inconstancy in STR areas can be utilized to recognize one DNA profile from another.

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Forensic Genetics and Genotyping

Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research ◽

10.1515/sjecr-2016-0074 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 75-86

Author(s):

Katarina Vitoševic ◽

Danijela Todorovic ◽

Zivana Slovic ◽

Radica Zivkovic-Zaric ◽

Milos Todorovic

Keyword(s):

Genetic Markers ◽

Short Tandem Repeats ◽

Tandem Repeats ◽

Forensic Genetics ◽

Personal Identification ◽

Hair Color ◽

Forensic Dna ◽

Kinship Analysis ◽

Dna Profile ◽

Short Tandem

Abstract Forensic genetics represents a combination of molecular and population genetics. Personal identification and kinship analysis (e.g. paternity testing) are the two main subjects of forensic DNA analysis. Biological specimens from which DNA is isolated are blood, semen, saliva, tissues, bones, teeth, hairs. Genotyping has become a basis in the characterization of forensic biological evidence. It is performed using a variety of genetic markers, which are divided into two large groups: bi-allelic (single-nucleotide polymorphisms, SNP) and multi-allelic polymorphisms (variable number of tandem repeats, VNTR and short tandem repeats, STR). This review describes the purpose of genetic markers in forensic investigation and their limitations. The STR loci are currently the most informative genetic markers for identity testing, but in cases without a suspect SNP can predict offender’s ancestry and phenotype traits such as skin, eyes and hair color. Nowadays, many countries worldwide have established forensic DNA databases based on autosomal short tandem repeats and other markers. In order for DNA profile database to be useful at a national or international level, it is essential to standardize genetic markers used in laboratories.

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The Applicability of Autosomal Short Tandem Repeats Genotyping for Minor Contributor DNA Profiling from Mixed Saliva Samples

Journal of Forensic Research ◽

10.4172/2157-7145.1000259 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 06 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Gabriel Minarik Gabriela Repiska

Keyword(s):

Short Tandem Repeats ◽

Tandem Repeats ◽

Dna Profiling ◽

Autosomal Short Tandem Repeats ◽

Mixed Saliva ◽

Short Tandem

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Abundant contribution of short tandem repeats to gene expression variation in humans.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725994101.793513449 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Melanie Bahlo

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Short Tandem Repeats ◽

Tandem Repeats ◽

Gene Expression Variation ◽

Expression Variation ◽

Short Tandem

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Identification of embryo-fetal cells in celomic fluid using morphological and short-tandem repeats analysis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726727769.793540302 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Eliezer Rachmilewitz ◽

Eitan Fibach

Keyword(s):

Short Tandem Repeats ◽

Tandem Repeats ◽

Fetal Cells ◽

Short Tandem

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Population Genetics of Y-Chromosome Short Tandem Repeats in Humans

Journal of Molecular Evolution ◽

10.1007/pl00006229 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 265-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Anna Pérez-Lezaun ◽

Francesc Calafell ◽

Mark Seielstad ◽

Eva Mateu ◽

David Comas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Genetics ◽

Y Chromosome ◽

Short Tandem Repeats ◽

Tandem Repeats ◽

Short Tandem

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Conditional Genotypic Probabilities for Microsatellite Loci

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/155.4.1973 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 155 (4) ◽

pp. 1973-1980

Author(s):

Jinko Graham ◽

James Curran ◽

B S Weir

Keyword(s):

Short Tandem Repeats ◽

Tandem Repeats ◽

Dirichlet Distribution ◽

Forensic Dna ◽

Match Probability ◽

Microsatellite Genotype ◽

Allelic State ◽

Forensic Assessments ◽

Dna Profiles ◽

Short Tandem

Abstract Modern forensic DNA profiles are constructed using microsatellites, short tandem repeats of 2–5 bases. In the absence of genetic data on a crime-specific subpopulation, one tool for evaluating profile evidence is the match probability. The match probability is the conditional probability that a random person would have the profile of interest given that the suspect has it and that these people are different members of the same subpopulation. One issue in evaluating the match probability is population differentiation, which can induce coancestry among subpopulation members. Forensic assessments that ignore coancestry typically overstate the strength of evidence against the suspect. Theory has been developed to account for coancestry; assumptions include a steady-state population and a mutation model in which the allelic state after a mutation event is independent of the prior state. Under these assumptions, the joint allelic probabilities within a subpopulation may be approximated by the moments of a Dirichlet distribution. We investigate the adequacy of this approximation for profiled loci that mutate according to a generalized stepwise model. Simulations suggest that the Dirichlet theory can still overstate the evidence against a suspect with a common microsatellite genotype. However, Dirichlet-based estimators were less biased than the product-rule estimator, which ignores coancestry.

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