TaGRF3-2A Improves Some Agronomically Valuable Traits in Semi-Dwarf Spring Triticale

The breeding improvement of triticale is tightly associated with the introgression of dwarfing genes, in particular, gibberellin (GA)-insensitive Ddw1 from rye. Despite the increase in harvest index and resistance to lodging, this gene adversely affects grain weight and size. Growth regulation factor (GRF) genes are plant-specific transcription factors that play an important role in plant growth, including GA-induced stem elongation. This study presents the results of a two-year field experiment to assess the effect of alleles of the TaGRF3-2A gene in interaction with DDW1 on economically valuable traits of spring triticale plants grown in the Non-Chernozem zone. Our results show that, depending on the allelic state, the TaGRF3-2A gene in semi-dwarf spring triticale plants influences the thousand grain weight and the grain weight of the main spike in spring triticale, which makes it possible to use it to compensate for the negative effects of the dwarfing allele Ddw1. The identified allelic variants of the TaGRF3-2A gene can be included in marker-assisted breeding for triticale to improve traits.

ANALYSIS OF PROMISING STRAWBERRY HYBRID FORMS BY FAOMT AND FAFAD1 FRUIT AROMA GENES

An important consumer trait of strawberry fruits is their aroma. Among the most important strawberry fruit aroma compounds are γ-decalactone and mesifurane. The content of γ-decalactone in fruits is controlled by the expression of the FaFAD1 gene. The content of mesifurane in fruits is controlled by the FaOMT gene. Identification of genotypes carrying the target alleles of the aromatic complex genes is an important stage in improving the strawberry assortment and creating strawberry varieties with aromatic fruits. The purpose of the study is molecular genetic analysis of strawberry hybrid seedlings by the FaOMT and FaFAD1 genes to identify genotypes promising in breeding for fruit aroma. Promising selected and elite forms of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) created at the FSSI “I.V. Michurin FSC” were used as biological objects. To identify the allelic state FaOMT gene, the codominant molecular marker FaOMT-SI/NO was used. To identify FaFAD1 gene, the molecular marker FaFAD1 was used. Using the FaOMT-SI/NO marker, the functional allele of the FaOMT gene (FaOMT+) was identified in the following strawberry selected forms: 298-19-9-43 (FB2 F. orientalis Los., F. moschata Duch., F. × ananassa Duch.), 932-29 (F. virginiana subsp. platypetala (Rydb.) Staudt × ‘Feyerverk’), 928-12 (298-19-9-43 × ‘Privlekatelnaya’), 69-29 (‘Feyerverk’× ‘Bylinnaya’), 72-25, 72-71 (‘Privlekatelnaya’ × ‘Bylinnaya’) and 26-5 (‘Rubinovyy kulon’× 298-19-9-43). The FaFAD1 gene was identified in strawberry hybrids 72-25 (‘Privlekatelnaya’ × ‘Bylinnaya’), 56-8 (‘Gigantella’ × ‘Privlekatelnaya’) and 61-12 (‘Bylinnaya’ × ‘Olimpiyskaya nadezhda’). The strawberry selected form 72-25 (‘Privlekatelnaya’ × ‘Bylinnaya’) is characterized by a combination of functional alleles of both genes (FaOMT + FaFAD1). Involvement of these forms in hybridization will make it possible to intensify the process of creating new strawberry varieties with improved fruit aroma.

Molecular marking in breeding Brassica oleracea L. for resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

In the presented study, we have studied polymorphism of 30 microsatellite loci in terms of resistance to black rot (Xanthomonas campestris). Three SSR markers (Ol10-C01, Ol11-H06, BoESSR 726) were identified, showing polymorphism in white cabbage forms with contrasting resistance to black rot. Also, part of the F2 breeding material was analyzed using markers Ol10-C01, Ol11-H06. It was found that they reveal all types of allelic state of genes in a segregating population in accordance with the Mendelian rule of segregation, which makes these markers suitable for further use in studies on the basis of cabbage resistance to black rot.

Analysis of strawberry promising varieties and selected forms by resistance to red stele root rot using molecular markers

The analysis of the allelic state of the Rpf1 red stele root rot gene in 14 promising foreign strawberry varieties and 6 selected forms of the I.V. Michurin FSC breeding was completed. The Rpf1 gene in a heterozygous state was identified in strawberry forms 61-15 (Bylinnaya × Olimpiyskaya nadezhda), 69-29 (Feyerverk × Bylinnaya), and 72-71 (Privlekatelnaya × Bylinnaya), which makes it possible to recommend them for involvement in breeding work to create resistant to P. fragariae var. fragariae strawberry varieties. Strawberry varieties Lebedushka, Elianny, Florence, Malwina, Monterey, Polka, Verona, Vima Tarda Asia, Chamora Turusi, Clery, Flamenco, Salsa and Symphony, and selected forms 56-5 (Gigantella Maxim × Privlekatelnaya), 69-42 (Feyerverk × Bylinnaya) and 35-16 (922-67 × Maryshka) have a recessive homozygous genotype.

Analysis of the inheritance of quantitative traits in the rice hybrid Kuboyar × Gagat

Rice is one of the main food items in the world. White rice is mainly used, but there are also varieties with red, brown and black pericarp grains. This rice is much healthier. The article is devoted to the creation of new lines of rice with black pericarp. The purpose of the work is to study the inheritance of varying quantitative traits in an interspecific hybrid of rice Kuboyar × Gagat, with subsequent selection of isolated samples. Methods. Hybridization of these varieties was carried out in 2017. Mathematical processing of research data was performed Using the program Statistica 6. For genetic analysis, the program “Polygen A” was used by A. F. Merezhko (2005). The research was conducted in 2018–2019 on the basis of a Separate division “Proletarskoe” of the Rostov region. Scientific novelty. A genetic analysis of varying quantitative traits that affect the grain productivity of rice was performed, and a number of new patterns were established. Results. Inheritance of plant height in F2 hybrids was based on the type of overdomination of large trait values. The parent forms differed in the allelic state of the two pairs of genes. Along the length of the panicle, there was a partial negative dominance and monogenic differences in crossed varieties. According to the number of spikelets on the panicle, overdomination of a larger trait value and the interaction of two pairs of genes were established. By the mass of 1000 grains, partial dominance of large values of the trait and monogenic differences in the initial parent forms were established. There was no dominance in the length of the grain, and the parent forms differed by two pairs of genes. The grain width was dominated by smaller values of the trait, splitting was performed according to the monohybrid scheme. The selection of isolated samples forming a compact erect panicle and grains with a black pericarp was carried out for further selection work.