Forensic and genetic characterizations of diverse southern Thai populations based on 15 autosomal STRs

Southern Thailand is home to various populations; the Moklen, Moken and Urak Lawoi’ sea nomads and Maniq negrito are the minority, while the southern Thai groups (Buddhist and Muslim) are the majority. Although previous studies have generated forensic STR dataset for major groups, such data of the southern Thai minority have not been included; here we generated a regional forensic database of southern Thailand. We newly genotyped common 15 autosomal STRs in 184 unrelated southern Thais, including all minorities and majorities. When combined with previously published data of major southern Thais, this provides a total of 334 southern Thai samples. The forensic parameter results show appropriate values for personal identification and paternity testing; the probability of excluding paternity is 0.99999622, and the combined discrimination power is 0.999999999999999. Probably driven by genetic drift and/or isolation with small census size, we found genetic distinction of the Maniq and sea nomads from the major groups, which were closer to the Malay and central Thais than the other Thai groups. The allelic frequency results can strength the regional forensic database in southern Thailand and also provide useful information for anthropological perspective.

Development of an artificial intelligence-based algorithm to classify images acquired with an intraoral scanner of individual molar teeth into three categories

Background Forensic dentistry identifies deceased individuals by comparing postmortem dental charts, oral-cavity pictures and dental X-ray images with antemortem records. However, conventional forensic dentistry methods are time-consuming and thus unable to rapidly identify large numbers of victims following a large-scale disaster. Objective Our goal is to automate the dental filing process by using intraoral scanner images. In this study, we generated and evaluated an artificial intelligence-based algorithm that classified images of individual molar teeth into three categories: (1) full metallic crown (FMC); (2) partial metallic restoration (In); or (3) sound tooth, carious tooth or non-metallic restoration (CNMR). Methods A pre-trained model was created using oral-cavity pictures from patients. Then, the algorithm was generated through transfer learning and training with images acquired from cadavers by intraoral scanning. Cross-validation was performed to reduce bias. The ability of the model to classify molar teeth into the three categories (FMC, In or CNMR) was evaluated using four criteria: precision, recall, F-measure and overall accuracy. Results The average value (variance) was 0.952 (0.000140) for recall, 0.957 (0.0000614) for precision, 0.952 (0.000145) for F-measure, and 0.952 (0.000142) for overall accuracy when the algorithm was used to classify images of molar teeth acquired from cadavers by intraoral scanning. Conclusion We have created an artificial intelligence-based algorithm that analyzes images acquired with an intraoral scanner and classifies molar teeth into one of three types (FMC, In or CNMR) based on the presence/absence of metallic restorations. Furthermore, the accuracy of the algorithm reached about 95%. This algorithm was constructed as a first step toward the development of an automated system that generates dental charts from images acquired by an intraoral scanner. The availability of such a system would greatly increase the efficiency of personal identification in the event of a major disaster.

Personal identification with artificial intelligence under COVID-19 crisis: a scoping review

Background Artificial intelligence is useful for building objective and rapid personal identification systems. It is important to research and develop personal identification methods as social and institutional infrastructure. A critical consideration during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is that there is no contact between the subjects and personal identification systems. The aim of this study was to organize the recent 5-year development of contactless personal identification methods that use artificial intelligence. Methods This study used a scoping review approach to map the progression of contactless personal identification systems using artificial intelligence over the past 5 years. An electronic systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and IEEE Xplore databases. Studies published between January 2016 and December 2020 were included in the study. Results By performing an electronic literature search, 83 articles were extracted. Based on the PRISMA flow diagram, 8 eligible articles were included in this study. These eligible articles were divided based on the analysis targets as follows: (1) face and/or body, (2) eye, and (3) forearm and/or hand. Artificial intelligence, including convolutional neural networks, contributed to the progress of research on contactless personal identification methods. Conclusions This study clarified that contactless personal identification methods using artificial intelligence have progressed and that they have used information obtained from the face and/or body, eyes, and forearm and/or hand.

The nationwide Finnish anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation (FinACAF): study rationale, design, and patient characteristics

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major cause of ischemic stroke and the number of AF patients is increasing. Thus, up-to-date multifaceted data about the characteristics of AF patients, their treatments, and outcomes are urgently needed. The Finnish anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation (FinACAF) study has collected comprehensive data on all Finnish AF patients from 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2018. The aim of this paper is to describe the study rationale, the process of integrating data from the applied resources and to define the study cohort. Using national unique personal identification number, individual patient data is linked from nationwide health care registries (primary, secondary, and tertiary care), drug purchases, education, and socio-economic status as well as places of domicile, incomes, and taxes. Six regional laboratory databases (~ 282,000, 77% of the patients) are also included. The study cohort comprises of a total of 411,000 patients. Since the introduction of the national primary care register in 2012, 9% of all AF patients were identified outside hospital care registers. The prevalence of AF in Finland—4.1% of whole population—is for the first time now established. The FinACAF study allows a unique possibility to investigate the epidemiology and socio-medico-economic impact of AF as well as the cost effectiveness of different AF management strategies in a completely unselected, nationwide population. This article provides the rationale and design of the study together with a summary of the characteristics of the cohort.

Deep Learning Based Multi-Modal Biometric Security System Using Visible Light Communication

Multi-biometric system is an advanced technology which has a wide application space in the field of information security. This work proposes the design of a personal identification system based on a combination of biometric inputs such as face, finger vein, iris and fingerprint. Viola jones algorithm is used for face detection. Convolutional neural network (CNN) with different optimisers are used to steeply raise the image texture and extract high definition distinct features of the input images. The deep dream image algorithm accompanies CNN by visualizing these images and by highlighting the image features learnt by the network. These images are used for understanding and diagnosing network behaviour. This network obtains a high recognition rate, which proves to be better performing than traditional algorithms. In addition to these, a high-speed advanced wireless communication technology (Li-Fi) is used in combination with GSM which would act as an alert system that effectively helps in notifying the supervisory authority, if the system is being trespassed without proper authentication.

The Effects of Cranial Orientation on Forensic Frontal Sinus Identification as Assessed by Outline Analyses

The utility of frontal sinuses for personal identification is widely recognized, but potential factors affecting its reliability remain uncertain. Deviations in cranial position between antemortem and postmortem radiographs may affect sinus appearance. This study investigates how slight deviations in orientations affect sinus size and outline shape and potentially impact identification. Frontal sinus models were created from CT scans of 21 individuals and digitally oriented to represent three clinically relevant radiographic views. From each standard view, model orientations were deviated at 5° intervals in horizontal, vertical, and diagonal (e.g., left-up) directions (27 orientations per individual). For each orientation, sinus dimensions were obtained, and outline shape was assessed by elliptical Fourier analyses and principal component (PC) analyses. Wilcoxon sign rank tests indicated that sinus breadth remained relatively stable (p > 0.05), while sinus height was significantly affected with vertical deviations (p < 0.006). Mann–Whitney U tests on Euclidean distances from the PC scores indicated consistently lower intra- versus inter-individual distances (p < 0.05). Two of the three orientations maintained perfect (100%) outline identification matches, while the third had a 98% match rate. Smaller and/or discontinuous sinuses were most problematic, and although match rates are high, practitioners should be aware of possible alterations in sinus variables when conducting frontal sinus identifications.

‘What about the dads?’ Linking fathers and children in administrative data: A systematic scoping review

Research has shown that paternal involvement positively impacts on child health and development. We aimed to develop a conceptual model of dimensions of fatherhood, identify and categorise methods used for linking fathers with their children in administrative data, and map these methods onto the dimensions of fatherhood. We carried out a systematic scoping review to create a conceptual framework of paternal involvement and identify studies exploring the impact of paternal exposures on child health and development outcomes using administrative data. We identified four methods that have been used globally to link fathers and children in administrative data based on family or household identifiers using address data, identifiable information about the father on the child's birth registration, health claims data, and Personal Identification Numbers. We did not identify direct measures of paternal involvement but mapping linkage methods to the framework highlighted possible proxies. The addition of paternal National Health Service numbers to birth notifications presents a way forward in the advancement of fatherhood research using administrative data sources.

Semantic modelling of self-realization of the personality

Introduction. The research is focused on studying self-organization of the personality in aspect of subjectness. The technique of modeling of social and role identification of the personality is presented. The research objective - to define semantic constructs self-updating in modeling of personal identification. Methods and techniques.- Semantic approach in structuring dichotomizing couples of constructs of personal identification is used. Offered original technique "Semantic Modelling of Self-organization of the Personality" ("SMSOP"). Respondents fill "Repertoire lattices" of J. Kelly. Results of sample are factorized. Respondents make modeling of in images "I am-real", "I am-ideal" and also images of "The Self-updated Personality" (SUP) and "Nonconformist" (NC), using a set of the linguistic constructs received by means of repertoire lattices of J. Kelly). The participants are 218 psychology students. Results and discussion. Comparative data of self-renewing constructs (in the aspect of "I-ideal") and the SUP and Oil Company models are shown. Although soup is a reference model of personality achievements (according to A. Maslow et al.), a NK reveals the properties of self-affirmation, In the semantics of mental self-organization (MSS) of a personality, respondents are not fully focused on these standards. The results of the factor analysis showed the peculiarities of the semantics of the students' personality MCO in the aspect of self-renewal ("I-ideal"): emotional spontaneity and, at the same time, fortitude and self-confidence, as well as communication and well-being in life (associated with intelligence, ingenuity). Conclusions.- The semantics of self-renewing personalities is revealed to young people in positions that determine the possible, achievable aspects of the perspective of their life. The SUP and NC models are "perfect" for them. Introducción.- La investigación está orientada hacia el estudio de la autoorganización de la persona en el aspecto de la subjetividad. Se presentada la técnica de la modelización social y de la identificación de rol de la personalidad. El objetivo de la investigación consiste en definir el constructo de la autoactualización en la modelización de la identificación personal. Métodos y técnicas.- Se usa un enfoque semántico en la estructuración dicomotizada de pares de constructos de identificación personal. Se aporta una técnica original de "Modelización semántica de auto-organización de la personalidad" (MSAOP). Los entrevistados rellenan «las rejillas de repertorio» de J. Kelly. Resultados de la muestra fueron factorizados. Los entrevistados hacen la modelización en imágenes "Yo-real", "Yo-ideal", y también imágenes «de la personalidad autoactualizada» (PAA) y "Noconformista" (NC), usando un conjunto de constructos recogidos del repertorio de rejillas de J. Kelly). La muestra consta de 218 estudiantes de psicología. Resultados y discusión.- Se muestran datos comparativos de constructos autoactualizables (en el aspecto de "Io-ideal") y los modelos SUP y Oil Company. Aunque el SUP es un modelo de referencia de los logros de la personalidad (según A. Maslow et al.), Un no-conformista revela las propiedades de la autoafirmación. En la semántica de la autoorganización mental (MSS) de la personalidad, los encuestados no están completamente enfocados hacia estos estándares. Los resultados del análisis factorial mostraron las peculiaridades de la semántica de la personalidad de los estudiantes MCO en el aspecto de la autoactualización ("yo-ideal"): espontaneidad emocional y, al mismo tiempo, fortaleza y autoconfianza, así como como comunicación y bienestar en la vida (asociado a la inteligencia, e ingenuidad). Conclusiones.- La semántica de las personalidades autoactualizadas se revela a los jóvenes en posiciones que determinan los aspectos posibles y alcanzables de sus perspectivas de vida. Los modelos SUP y NC son "perfectos" para ellos.