A Study on the Establishment of a System to Remove/Reduce Technical Barriers to Trade (TBTs) in Central and South America

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yong-Jae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Middle East ◽  
South America ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Conformity Assessment ◽  
Group Interview ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Technical Regulations

The purpose of this article is to analyze and investigate, to find out the appropriate way to remove/reduce TBT when exporting goods between Korea and Central & South America. The elimination strategy of TBT with aid of technical regulations or standards is beyond this article scope and only the conformity assessment shall be considered as the strategic measure of eliminating TBT. The scope of this article is in accord with the international standards corresponding to countries technical regulations and standards, every membership countries must prevent TBT-related Specific Trade Concern (STC) to WTO. This article analyzes international rules & systems with following research methodology. First, the article makes use of reviewing 2nd data analysis and focuses on a group interview, and then compares with an analysis of the international rules and systems, such as customs system, technical regulation, and standards through test & certification procedures and inspections. Second, this article reviews electric/electronic tests, certifications, and calibration. Third, through analyzing MRA between Korea and Central & South America, the article focuses on SDOC, Mutual Acceptance of International tests & certification and the IEC CB scheme. The results show that it is important to promote multi-track agreements with the countries that need a short-term promotion. Moreover, it is necessary to conclude an agreement with the leading countries in the Middle East and Central & South America. This article intends to draw a conclusion and make implication as follows. Through the reviews and analysis, the importance of promotion in FTA and MRA with the efforts to remove/reduce the obstacles and promote to make a remove/reduce TBT by MRA between Korea and Central & South America is shown.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL REGULATIONS AS A COMPLEX REGULATOR AND EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF VETMEDICINE ENTERPRISES IN MARKET CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
V. O. Velichko ◽  
A. V. Grymak ◽  
L. V. Kurylas ◽  
T. Ye. Senyshyna
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Consumer Policy ◽  
Conformity Assessment ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Legal Document ◽  
Technical Regulations

In modern market conditions, knowledge of laws and regulations in the field of technical regulation allows managers and specialists of veterinary medicine to avoid unnecessary costs and risks in the development, supply and organization of production, greatly facilitates the preparation and completion of registration procedures in Ukraine and protects against inconsistencies in activities. Given the importance of this, the President of Ukraine in 2005 issued a Decree "On measures to improve activities in the field of technical regulation and consumer policy." For its implementation in Ukraine the Concept of development of technical regulation and consumer policy is developed. The purpose of the Concept is to create a modern system of technical regulation and consumer protection adapted to EU and WTO requirements, which will promote economic development, entrepreneurship, fair competition, protection of human health and the environment, consumer rights to quality and safe products, eliminate trade inconsistencies. In these conditions, national standardization is rapidly being established. Since 2005, the Law of Ukraine “On Standards, Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment Procedures” has been implemented. Introduced a new type of legal document - technical regulations, and this significantly and targeted-specifically increases the level of requirements for all types of enterprises, including enterprises of veterinary medicine. The main requirement laid down in the technical regulations is the quality and safety of products. Quality is the absolute confidence of the manufacturer in its products at any level of its development, production and consumption. Therefore, a justified and cost-effective policy for veterinary enterprises should be to focus on advanced achievements in ensuring stable and competitive product quality. The technical regulation, as a normative legal document, directly and through reference contains mandatory requirements for the technology of production of products for veterinary medicine and animal husbandry, rules of conformity assessment, rules of identification, packaging, labeling, etc. These requirements are enshrined in the new Law of Ukraine "On Veterinary Medicine". It is also important that strict compliance with the provisions of technical regulations gives manufacturers the opportunity to assess and control the risks that are significant in terms of product safety, and to implement in the practice of the enterprise rules of good manufacturing practice. Regarding the completeness of the development of technical regulations that would take into account the specialization of enterprises, there is a need to continue research, summarize the experience of leading foreign firms, improve the mechanisms of their implementation in the practice of veterinary enterprises.

Standardization as a factor in information transfer

1981 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. French
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Health Consumer ◽  
Degree Of Order ◽  
Technical Regulations

"Standardization: an activity giving solutions for repet itive application to problems essentially in the spheres of science, technology and economics, aimed at the optimum degree of order in a given context. Generally the activity consists of the processes of formulating, issuing and implementing standards." [ 1 ] Standardization seeks to avoid repetitive solutions of the same problem and to aid simplification, communication, economy, safety and health, consumer protection and the elimination of trade barriers. The standard as a document has much in common with the technical regulation and shares certain features with patents and legislation. Users need information about standards in order to apply them, or as a basis for new standards or because they are affected by their results. Together these groups of user represent, directly or indirectly, the whole community. Standardization takes place at national, regional and inter national levels. The organizational structure is complex, differ ing from country to country. ISO is the specialized inter national agency for standardization with a coordinating role. ISO has a member in each of 87 countries and liaisons with 300 other international organizations. International Stand ards result from the work of 163 ISO technical committees. ISONET links national and international standards information centres to make information on standards and technical regulations universally available. GATT is encourag ing similar measures. International and foreign standards are readily available for reference or purchase in most countries. Many documentary and institutional aids exist for informa tion about, or related to standards. Special standards for terminology, documentation, data processing and some others are of particular interest since they aid the processing of information.

scholarly journals Development and Conformity Assessment of ECG-Photometric Complex Software

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Vitalii Budnyk ◽  
Tetiana Ryzhenko ◽  
Mykola Budnyk
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Conformity Assessment ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Develop Software ◽  
Technical Regulations ◽  
Separate Product

Introduction. The article is devoted to the software "PulseWave", which is used as part of the ECG-photometric complex for research in medical institutions. For further implementation of the complex in medical practice, it is necessary to assess the compliance of this software in accordance with the requirements of the technical regulations for medical devices. There are two ways to perform software conformity assessment: as part of the ECG photometric complex or separately from it (stand alone). In this paper, the option of conducting a stand alone conformity assessment was chosen, i.e. as a separate product. This approach is the most promising, given the development of "cloud" storage and data processing environments and the need to introduce into medical practice of treatment and prevention facilities in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to develop software and prepare it for conformity assessment in accordance with the requirements of the technical regulations for medical devices. Results. The authors consider the structure and principle of operation of the software "PulseWave" ECG-photometric complex. The main stages of the life cycle of this software according to international standards are given. A risk assessment report has been developed, which shows and evaluates the main errors that may occur in the work of the software; and ways to eliminate them. Conclusions. The software development, development of its life cycle and risk analysis provide an opportunity to start the procedure of assessing its compliance with the requirements of the technical regulations for medical devices in accordance with international standards. Keywords: software, conformity assessment, life cycle, application risks.

scholarly journals Economic Law and Standardization: A Basis for Avoiding Risks in Business

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 440-449
Author(s):  
Tetiana G. Popovych ◽  
◽  
Oleksandr V. Bezukh ◽  
Hryhoriy I. Trofanchuk ◽  
Tetiana B. Pozhodzhuk
Keyword(s):  
General System ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Conformity Assessment ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
General Category ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Law ◽  
Technical Regulations

Currently, in Ukraine, there is a system of technical regulation as part of the general system of standardization. Technical regulation is defined as a means of state regulation, which, like any legal regulation, is implemented by appropriate legal means. This explains the relevance of this study. This paper investigates the Economic Code of Ukraine, several Ukrainian laws (the Law of Ukraine "On Environmental Audit", the Law of Ukraine "On Standardization", the Law of Ukraine "On Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment", etc.), and State standards. Technical regulation was also considered as a general category and a legal phenomenon, as a result of which it was noted that the technical regulation adopted in Ukraine for dividing products into food and non-food products is only a matter of supervision over the conformity of goods and the use of conditions for a specific legal act and type of product. It was concluded that standardization proceeds from social regulation and generates norms of a technical, organizational, or other orderly nature, transforming into legal provisions. Therewith, technical regulation also derives from legal regulation and gives rise to technical guidelines, which constitute statutory regulations that form part of the national legislation of Ukraine, including economic legislation. As a result, it is proposed to improve and supplement the wording of Part 2 Article 16 of the Law of Ukraine "On Standardization", and it is also proposed to reword Article 24 of the Law of Ukraine "On Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment".

scholarly journals Influence of integration processes on harmonization of Ukraine and EU standards

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
Hanna Davydenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Conformity Assessment ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Technical Regulations ◽  
The Eu

Introduction. Following the signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, Ukraine faces the problem in trade with the EU, as it was expected that the main obstacle would be non-tariff restrictions. The lifting of tariff barriers for domestic producers should help to increase exports to EU countries, but unfortunately for most manufacturers in almost all fields of activity this proved to be an unachievable goal, as the Ukrainian producer immediately faced the problem of non-conformity of the goods with various diversified technical regulations in the EU. Thus, the purpose of the work was to study the importance of maintaining the competitiveness of domestic producers in international markets, namely the interaction of public administration and market self-regulation at national, regional and sectoral levels. As the Agreement on Conformity Assessment and Adoption of Standards is important for Ukrainian manufacturers, new Laws of Ukraine «On Standardization», «On Metrology and Metrological Activity» and «On Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment» were adopted. Development Strategy system of technical regulation was approved for the purpose of their implementation, and more than 80 regulatory acts have been developed and adopted. The purpose of the article is to look for mechanisms of public administration to implement the standards of the European Union, as well as to harmonize and adapt Ukrainian legislation to EU quality policy. Methods of research. Using theoretical and methodological provisions, priority directions of implementation and harmonization of European standards for Ukraine are considered: standardization and certification of products, as well as directions of development of the mechanism of state regulation of activation of the import potential of domestic enterprises. In addition, the HACCP Food Standards Systems were considered. The following standards are currently recognized: BRC Technical Standard, Dutch HACCP Standard, International Standard for Auditing Food Suppliers, International Food Standard (IFS), SQF 2000 Standard for Food Safety and Quality. Results. It can be argued that standards to which some Ukrainian exporters are currently not adapted are becoming a major obstacle to trade liberalization with the EU. And despite the fact that the Laws of Ukraine «On Standardization», «On Metrology and Metrological Activity» and «On Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment», important for Ukrainian manufacturers, were adopted. The Strategy of development of the technical regulation system was approved for the purpose of the laws implementation together with other developed 80 regulatory acts. The issue of further harmonization is extremely important and urgent as it will allow domestic producers to sell their products covered by the Agreement on the EU market without additional conformity assessment procedures. Discussion. Further studies should address the development of public administration mechanisms and the problems of implementing European standards in the Ukrainian economy, and ensure the development of a significant number of Ukrainian economic sectors. And, most importantly, the effective development of the social infrastructure of the village should be ensured and the foundation for the proper economic level of its inhabitants should be created.

scholarly journals METHODS, PROCEDURES, PRACTICES AND RULES OF CARRYING OUT CERTIFICATION IN THE CERTIFICATION SYSTEM OF RAILCAR BUILDING PRODUCTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Zh.O. Semko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment System ◽  
Conformity Assessment ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
Building Products ◽  
Certification System ◽  
Certification Procedure ◽  
Certification Body ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Technical Regulations

After adoption of the Law of Ukraine On Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment, and, in connection with the transition from mandatory certification in the state system to the sphere of technical regulation, the bodies that carry out activities on product certification were facing the need to create their own certification systems. On the one hand, this is a necessity step, and on the other, it is the acquisition of some freedoms in the choice of the methodology for carrying out certification work; the possibility of improving activities; promoting the development of promising areas within the scope of accreditation; enhanced functionality. In this case, the above-mentioned positive aspects of creating the own certification system, which, by the way, may differ from other systems, provide conditions for the certification body to be very responsible for the decisions made on the conformity of certified products. The purpose of this article is to provide information on methodological approaches to the creation, development and improvement of the Certification System for railcar building products. In general, the creation of a certification system for railcar-building products took place during the period of formation of the UkrSEPRO certification system. But during this period in Ukraine national standards of the 3400 series were put into effect, in which the basic principles, rules, requirements and structure of the UkrSEPRO certification system were specified. The modern approach to product conformity assessment, introduced in the field of technical regulation, did not destroy certification at all, as incompetent representatives of the mass media imagine it, but endowed it with a different status and place in the conformity assessment system. Furthermore, according to the Law of Ukraine “On Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment”, the term "certification" is interpreted as "confirmation of conformity by a third party in relation to products, processes, services, systems or personnel." At the same time, in accordance with this law, the term “conformity assessment system” is defined as “rules, procedures and management for carrying out conformity assessment”. Key words: certification system, technical regulations, conformity assessment, certification body, principles, rules, certification procedure.

Becoming Rhizomatic: Researching Flowing in/between Striated and Smooth Space

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-376
Author(s):  
Ester A. Betrián Villas ◽  
Gloria Jové Monclus ◽  
Charly Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Educational Change ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Deleuze And Guattari ◽  
Smooth Space

Exploring long-term educational change, we investigate our re/construction of research methodology as we moved from a positivist framework to working with ideas drawn from Deleuze and Guattari. We reveal our becoming rhizomatic in data analysis in the metamodelling of the richness flowing horizontally through our practices. We tell of our struggles to escape hierarchical thinking and relations researching between the smooth and striated. A space of interactions, conversations and writings created relations between polyphonic voices, leading us to an emergent methodology. Our struggle against hierarchies in data analysis yielded rich educational possibilities for becoming that Deleuzo-Guattarian thinking offers us.

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