Numerical Simulation of Residual Stresses during the Heat Treatment of Dies Made of Hot Work Tool Steel

Residual stresses are of great importance during the entire production cycle of high-grade steels. The use of modern tools based on the finite element method is steadily increasing to optimize heat treatment processes. As for industrial purposes it is often not possible to measure the entire set of material data a sensitivity analysis shows the relative influence of material properties related to phase transformation on the residual stresses during hardening. Subsequently the application of the numerical heat treatment model is shown on two examples: The magnitudes of residual stresses during the quenching of a forged bar in different quenching media are compared. The paper concludes with a numerical simulation of the heat treatment of a die used for extrusion processes. Phase distribution and residual stresses after gas quenching of the tool are presented.

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Application of numerical simulation of heat treatment in industry

Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) ◽

10.1051/jp4:2004120087 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 120 ◽

pp. 753-760

Author(s):

M. Slováček

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Residual Stresses ◽

Input Data ◽

Applied Mechanics ◽

Heat Treated

Heat treatment and especially quenching causes distortion and sometimes cracking of a quenched part. To eliminate these undesired by-effects the whole cycle of heat treatment is simulated by FEM, which makes possible a complete metallurgical, thermal and thermoplastic calculation. The goal of this simulation is to bring the whole cycle of heat treatment to optimum - to reach the lowest level of residual stresses possible at its end and to meet the mechanical qualities required by the customer. A lot of complete numerical simulation of heat treatment were done at the Institute of Applied Mechanics (IAM) by the SYSWELD code, mainly the heat treatment of big shafts and plates for Vitkovice Company. The Vitkovice, JSC produces ship-shafts of large dimensions (diameter 2.5 m, length 10m) and other products which are forged and consequently heat treated. Heat treatment consists of quenching (in water, air and oil), and then tempering follows.The whole simulation was divided into two parts. The aim of the first part was to find correct input data for calculation..The second part consisted of heat treatment simulation with real models.

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Abrasive wear resistance of modified X37CrMoV5-1 hot work tool steel after conventional and laser heat treatment

International Journal of Materials Research (formerly Zeitschrift fuer Metallkunde) ◽

10.3139/146.111624 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 109 (5) ◽

pp. 460-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Martin Šebek ◽

Ladislav Falat ◽

Martin Orečný ◽

Ivan Petryshynets ◽

František Kováč ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Abrasive Wear ◽

Tool Steel ◽

Abrasive Wear Resistance ◽

Laser Heat Treatment ◽

Laser Heat ◽

Hot Work Tool Steel

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Formation of Fe-Al Intermetallic Compound Film on Hot Work Tool Steel by Shot Lining and Heat Treatment

Proceedings of the 8th Pacific Rim International Congress on Advanced Materials and Processing ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-48764-9_252 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 2035-2042

Author(s):

Yasunori Harada ◽

Makoto Ishida ◽

Katsuhiko Takahashi ◽

Yoshinori Sakamoto

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Intermetallic Compound ◽

Tool Steel ◽

Hot Work Tool Steel

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Residual Stress and Shape Distortion in High-Strength Tool Steels

Advances in X-ray Analysis ◽

10.1154/s0376030800005048 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 411-417

Author(s):

L. B. Gulbransen ◽

A. K. Dhingra

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Residual Stress ◽

Residual Stresses ◽

Tool Steel ◽

High Performance ◽

Diffraction Method ◽

High Strength ◽

Angular Distortion ◽

Shape Distortion ◽

Heat Treated

AbstractOne of the major problems that has plagued the tool and die maker for many years and more recently has come to the attention of the manufacturer of missiles and high-performance aircraft is the problem of shape distortion which occurs during heat treatment in the high-strength tool and die steels. Not only is shape distortion a problem in the heat treatment and use of these materials, but the origin of shape distortion has been a controversial issue among metallurgists for many years. The quantitative measurement of shape distortion on heat-treated steels is simply carried out hy machining standard shape samples, in this case, an L-shaped sample, and making a measurement of the variation after heat treatment from the 90° of the original 90° angle of the L. It is usually assumed that relief of residual stresses in heat-treated parts will occur by the shape changes which have been described above; however, it has been demonstrated that elastic residual stresses may still be present in heat-treated parts that have been tempered and theoretically should be stress free. By a very straightforward and simple application of the backreflection X-ray diffraction method for residual-stress determination, a very striking relationship has been demonstrated between the shape (angular) distortion of both A2 tool steel (air hardening) and O1 tool steel (oil hardening) and the residualstress pattern of these steels. Conversely, one could presumably utilize residualstress data at changes in cross section to estimate semiquantitatively the amount of shape distortion which occurs in rather complex parts.

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