An Investigation into Machining Characteristics of Commercially Pure Titanium (Grade-2) Using CNC WEDM

2012 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 56-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anish Kumar ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Jatinder Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Wire Tension ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Cutting Rate ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Pulse On Time ◽  
Pulse Off Time

Titanium is present in the earth’s crust at a level about 0.6% and is therefore the fourth most abundant structural metal after aluminum, iron, and magnesium. High strength, low density, and excellent corrosion resistance are the main properties that make titanium attractive for a variety of applications. The major application of the material is in the aerospace industry, both in airframes,engine components,steam turbine blades, superconductors, missiles etc. or corrosion resistance, for example marine services, chemical, petrochemical, electronics industry, biomedical instruments etc.In this study, wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is adopted in machining of commercially pure titanium (Grade-2). During experiments, parameters such as Pulse on time, Pulse off time, Peak current, Spark Gap set Voltage, Wire Feed and Wire Tension were changed to explore their effect on the cutting rate, gap current and surface roughness of the machined specimens. The ranges of process parameters for the experiments were decided on the basis of literature survey and the pilot experiments conducted using one factor at a time approach(OFTA). It is found that the intensity of the process energy does affect the cutting rate, gap current and surface roughness as well as, the wire speed, wire tension and dielectric fluid pressure not seeming to have much of an influence.

UPM CP TITANIUM GRADE 3 (UNS R50550)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Continuous Service ◽  
Pure Grade ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Design Stress

Abstract UPM CP Titanium Grade 3 (UNS R50550) is an unalloyed commercially pure titanium that exhibits moderate strength (higher strength than that of Titanium Grade 2), along with excellent formability and corrosion resistance. It offers the highest ASME allowable design stress of any commercially pure grade of titanium, and can be used in continuous service up to 425 °C (800 °F) and in intermittent service up to 540 °C (1000 °F). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-167. Producer or source: United Performance Metals.

L. KLEIN TITAN GRADE 2

Alloy Digest ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Continuous Service ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Service Environments

Abstract L. Klein Titan Grade 2 is an unalloyed, commercially pure titanium grade. It is the most widely used commercially pure titanium grade. It offers a combination of moderate strength and good ductility, with outstanding corrosion resistance in many challenging service environments. L. Klein Titan Grade 2 can operate in continuous service up to 425 °C (800 °F) and in intermittent service up to 540 °C (1005 °F). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance and wear resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-177. Producer or source: L. Klein SA.

AUSTRAL WRIGHT TITANIUM GRADE 2 (UNS R50400)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Continuous Service ◽  
Titanium Grade

Abstract Austral Wright Titanium Grade 2 (UNS R50400) is an unalloyed, commercially pure titanium grade. It is the most widely used commercially pure titanium grade. It offers a combination of moderate strength (similar to that of austenitic stainless steels), good formability, outstanding corrosion resistance, and good weldability. Austral Wright Titanium Grade 2 can operate in continuous service up to 425 °C (800 °F) and in intermittent service up to 540 °C (1005 °F). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-183. Producer or source: Austral Wright Metals.

COMMERCIALLY PURE TITANIUM GRADE 12

Alloy Digest ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Titanium Grade

Abstract Commercially pure wrought titanium, Grade 12 is used in the chemical industry where conditions are mildly reducing or varying between oxidizing and reducing. It is immune to formic acid, aerated or non-aerated. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and bend strength. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-93. Producer or source: Titanium alloy mills. Originally published August 1989, revised September 1989.

ULBRICH TITANIUM GRADE 2 (UNS R50400)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Continuous Service ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Service Environments

Abstract Ulbrich Titanium Grade 2 (UNS R50400) is an unalloyed commercially pure titanium. It is the most widely used commercially pure titanium grade. It offers a combination of moderate strength and good ductility, with outstanding corrosion resistance in many challenging service environments. Titanium Grade 2 can operate in continuous service up to 425 °C (800 °F) and in intermittent service up to 540 °C (1000 °F). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-168. Producer or source: Ulbrich Stainless Steels & Special Metals, Inc.

SANDMEYER TITANIUM GRADE 2/2H (UNS R50400)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Good Ductility ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Continuous Service ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Service Environments

Abstract Sandmeyer Titanium Grade 2/2H (UNS R50400) is an unalloyed commercially pure titanium. It is the most widely used commercially pure titanium grade. It offers a combination of moderate strength and good ductility, with outstanding corrosion resistance in many challenging service environments. Titanium Grade 2/2H can operate in continuous service up to 425 °C (800 °F) and in intermittent service up to 540 °C (1000 °F). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-164. Producer or source: Sandmeyer Steel Company.

Investigation of Wire Consumption and Wear Mechanism in Trim Cut WEDM Operation of Commercially Pure Titanium

2014 ◽  
Vol 808 ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh Chalisgaonkar ◽  
Jatinder Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Trim Cut ◽  
Pulse On Time ◽  
Pulse Off Time ◽  
Brass Wire

This paper investigates the wire wear phenomena during finish cutting operation of wire electrical discharge machining for commercially pure titanium. In this research work, the effects of key process parameters such a wire type (zinc coated and uncoated brass wire), pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), peak current (IP), wire feed (WF), servo voltage (SV) and wire offset (Woff) were investigated on wire weight consumption (eroded weight of wire after machining) in finish cut operation followed by rough cut WEDM. Experimental data were collected based on the Taguchi method of experimental design using L18 Taguchi standard orthogonal array. The experimental results were analyzed by conducting ANOVA test for finding out significance of the input parameters on wire weight consumption. Single response optimization was performed for exploring the optimum parametric setting for wire consumption in trim cut WEDM operation. Comparative study for the surface characteristics of the both types of wire (uncoated and zinc coated brass wire) used was done with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

COMMERCIALLY PURE TITANIUM GRADE 4

Alloy Digest ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Titanium Grade

Abstract Titanium Development Association commercially pure wrought titanium, Grade 4 is used in equipment where resistance to corrosion in chemical, marine and other industries is required. At a guaranteed 80,000 psi minimum mill annealed tensile strength, titanium Grade 4 is the strongest of the commercially pure grades. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and bend strength as well as creep. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-92. Producer or source: Titanium alloy mills.

ULBRICH TITANIUM GRADE 1 (UNS R50250)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Excellent Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Grade

Abstract Ulbrich Titanium Grade 1 (UNS R50250) is an unalloyed commercially pure titanium. It is one of the softest and the most ductile of the commercially pure grades, and exhibits excellent formability. It has excellent corrosion resistance and is mainly used in marine and chemical industries where the parts are exposed to very harsh environments. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming. Filing Code: Ti-165. Producer or source: Ulbrich Stainless Steels & Special Metals, Inc.

Parametric optimization of EDD using RSM-Grey-TLBO-based MCDM approach for commercially pure titanium

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-245
Author(s):  
Neeraj Sharma ◽  
Neeraj Ahuja ◽  
Rachin Goyal ◽  
Vinod Rohilla
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Parametric Optimization ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Electrode Wear ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Pulse On Time ◽  
Pulse Off Time

PurposeElectric discharge drilling (EDD) is used to drill quality microholes on any conductive materials. EDD process parameters play a crucial role in the drilling. Depending upon the material characteristics, the cost of drilling also changes. Therefore, a suitable method is required to control the process parameters and drill quality microholes.Design/methodology/approachThe input process parameters in the present work are peak current (Ip), pulse on-time (Ton) and pulse off-time (Toff). The trials were intended in accordance to central composite face-centered design of response surface methodology (RSM). The output responses, namely drilling rate (DR) and electrode wear ratio (EWR), were converted into a single response, that is, grade using Grey relational analysis (GRA). The grade value is further modeled by regression analysis. The empirical model was figured out using teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO). The RSM-Grey-TLBO-based multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) is used to investigate the optimized process parameter setting.FindingsThe RSM-Grey-TLBO-based MCDM approach suggests that the optimized setting for DR and EWR is Ip: 3A; Ton: 40 µs; Toff: 42 µs. The percentage errors for the predicted and experimental results are 8.1 and 7.5% in DR and EWR, respectively.Originality/valueThe parametric optimization of EDD using RSM-Grey-TLBO-based MCDM approach while machining commercially pure titanium is still underway. Thus, this MCDM approach will give a path to the researchers working in this direction.

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