Reformed Hydrous-Ethanol Application in Spark Ignition Engine

Hydrous-ethanol is reformed to hydrogen-rich mixture gas which is an excellent fuel for engines. The advantages of this approach are that fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions are reduced, and the waste heat from engine exhaust can be used as energy source for hydrous-ethanol evaporating and reforming. The experiment is carried out on a gasoline engine as primary engine with only modest changes. The results indicate that the hydrogen-rich mixture gas allows operation at much higher compression ratio due to its intrinsic octane number which could contribute to the power performance, and the NOx, CO, THC emissions are reduced remarkably because of lean combustion realized in the cylinder.

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Lean-Combustion Spark-Ignition Engine Exhaust Aftertreatment Using Non Thermal Plasma

10.4271/982512 ◽

1998 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. Lepperhoff ◽

K. Hentschel ◽

P. Wolters ◽

W. Neff ◽

K. Pochner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Plasma ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Exhaust Aftertreatment ◽

Engine Exhaust ◽

Lean Combustion ◽

Non Thermal Plasma

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Comparative assessment of stoichiometric and lean combustion modes in boosted spark-ignition engine fueled with syngas

Energy Conversion and Management ◽

10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114224 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 239 ◽

pp. 114224

Author(s):

Hyunwook Park ◽

Junsun Lee ◽

Narankhuu Jamsran ◽

Seungmook Oh ◽

Changup Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spark Ignition ◽

Comparative Assessment ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Lean Combustion ◽

Combustion Modes

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The effects of cylinder deactivation on the thermal behaviour and fuel economy of a three-cylinder direct injection spark ignition gasoline engine

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering ◽

10.1177/0954407018806744 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 233 (11) ◽

pp. 2838-2849

Author(s):

Michael McGhee ◽

Ziman Wang ◽

Alexander Bech ◽

Paul J Shayler ◽

Dennis Witt

Keyword(s):

Fuel Economy ◽

Gasoline Engine ◽

Thermal State ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Combustion Efficiency ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Engine Fuel ◽

Cylinder Deactivation ◽

Direct Injection Spark Ignition

The changes in thermal state, emissions and fuel economy of a 1.0-L, three-cylinder direct injection spark ignition engine when a cylinder is deactivated have been explored experimentally. Cylinder deactivation improved engine fuel economy by up to 15% at light engine loads by reducing pumping work, raising indicated thermal efficiency and raising combustion efficiency. Penalties included an increase in NOx emissions and small increases in rubbing friction and gas work losses of the deactivated cylinder. The cyclic pressure variation in the deactivated cylinder falls rapidly after deactivation through blow-by and heat transfer losses. After around seven cycles, the motoring loss is ~2 J/cycle. Engine structural temperatures settle within an 8- to 13-s interval after a switch between two- and three-cylinder operation. Engine heat rejection to coolant is reduced by ~13% by deactivating a cylinder, extending coolant warm-up time to thermostat-opening by 102 s.

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Investigating the Effects of Engine Operating Conditions on the Cyclic Variability of a Commercial Flex-Fuel Engine

ASME 2019 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference ◽

10.1115/icef2019-7109 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Fazal Um Min Allah ◽

Caio Henrique Rufino ◽

Waldyr Luiz Ribeiro Gallo ◽

Clayton Barcelos Zabeu

Keyword(s):

Spark Ignition ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Cylinder Pressure ◽

Cyclic Variability ◽

Indicated Mean Effective Pressure ◽

Mass Fractions ◽

Cyclic Variations ◽

Flex Fuel ◽

Hydrous Ethanol

Abstract The flex-fuel engines are quite capable of running on gasohol and hydrous ethanol. However, the in-cylinder cyclic variations, which are inherently present in spark-ignition (SI) engines, affect the performance of these engines. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis is required to evaluate the effects of in-cylinder cyclic variations of a flex-fuel engine. The experiments were carried out by using Brazilian commercial Gasohol E27 (mixture of 27% anhydrous ethanol in gasoline) and hydrous ethanol E95h (5% water by volume in ethanol) as fuels for a commercial flex-fuel spark ignition engine. A comparison between the cyclic variations of gasohol and hydrous ethanol is presented in this paper. Moreover, the effects of engine operating parameters (i.e., engine speed, engine load and relative air fuel ratio) on cyclic variations are also investigated. The acquired data of in-cylinder pressure and combustion durations are evaluated by carrying out a statistical analysis. The coefficient of variation for indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) did not exceed the limit of 5% for all tested conditions. Higher cyclic variability of maximum in-cylinder pressure is observed for gasohol fuel and higher engine speeds. The variability of in-cylinder combustion is also evaluated with the help of different combustion stages, which are characterized by corresponding crank positions of 10%, 50% and 90% mass fractions burned.

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Ethane kinetics in spark-ignition engine-exhaust gases

Symposium (International) on Combustion ◽

10.1016/s0082-0784(71)80047-4 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 451-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S.C. Sorenson ◽

P.S. Myers ◽

O.A. Uyehara

Keyword(s):

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Engine Exhaust ◽

Exhaust Gases

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Numerical investigation of natural gas direct injection properties and mixture formation in a spark ignition engine

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci120605222y ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 39-52

Author(s):

Bijan Yadollahi ◽

Masoud Boroomand

Keyword(s):

Numerical Model ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Gasoline Engine ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Computational Effort ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Validity Of Results ◽

Injection Process

In this study, a numerical model has been developed in AVL FIRE software to perform investigation of Direct Natural Gas Injection into the cylinder of Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines. In this regard two main parts have been taken into consideration, aiming to convert an MPFI gasoline engine to direct injection NG engine. In the first part of study multi-dimensional numerical simulation of transient injection process, mixing and flow field have been performed via three different validation cases in order to assure the numerical model validity of results. Adaption of such a modeling was found to be a challenging task because of required computational effort and numerical instabilities. In all cases present results were found to have excellent agreement with experimental and numerical results from literature. In the second part, using the moving mesh capability the validated model has been applied to methane Injection into the cylinder of a Direct Injection engine. Five different piston head shapes along with two injector types have been taken into consideration in investigations. A centrally mounted injector location has been adapted to all cases. The effects of injection parameters, combustion chamber geometry, injector type and engine RPM have been studied on mixing of air-fuel inside cylinder. Based on the results, suitable geometrical configuration for a NG DI Engine has been discussed.

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