Degradation of Porous Starch Granules and Poly(Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate)(PBAT) Blends: Soil Burial and Enzymatic Tests

2013 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Sirirat Thothong ◽  
Amnat Jarerat ◽  
Klana Rong Sriroth ◽  
Rattana Tantatherdtam
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Biodegradable Composites ◽  
Enzymatic Degradability ◽  
Controllable Degradation ◽  
Scanning Electron

In order to confirm the feasibility of porous rice starch granules and PBAT blends as biodegradable composites, their degradability were carried out. Enzymatic degradability evaluation showed that α-amylase degradation of starch increased as the starch content in the blend increased. Burial test of the blends for 1-4 months was carried out and the rate of degradation of the PBAT/porous starch blend was confirmed to be slower than those of PBAT/native rice starch blend. Observation of the film blends structure by scanning electron microscope revealed that the starch was dispersed in a PBAT matrix. Furthermore, changes in the film surface after enzyme treatments were observed. The results obtained from the degradability of the porous starch granules and PBAT blends showed that this bio-composite was relatively slow, regarding as controllable degradation material.

Production and Characterization of Porous Starch Granule and Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blend as a Bio-Composite

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1513-1521
Author(s):  
Sirirat Thothong ◽  
Klanarong Sriroth ◽  
Rattana Tantatherdtam ◽  
Amnat Jarerat
Keyword(s):  
Starch Granule ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Granular Starch

To improve the miscibility of native rice starch granules and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)(PBAT), rice starch was hydrolyzed by a mixture of α-amylase and amyloglucosidase. The obtained porous rice granular starch was then mechanically blended with PBAT by single screw extruder. Many pits and holes on the surface of starch granules were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rough surface of the rice starch granules improved the compatibility of the polymers in the blends, which consequently increased the tensile strength and the elongation at break. In addition, SEM also revealed that the porous granules were homogeneously distributed in the polymer matrix with no appearance of gaps.

Preparation and Characterization of Ni/ZrCoCe Stack Getter Films

2019 ◽  
Vol 944 ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Peng Yuan ◽  
Yao Zong Sui ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Feng Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Highly Porous ◽  
Scanning Electron

In order to improve the oxidation resistance of the ZrCoCe getter, highly porous Ni/ZrCoCe stack getter films were grown by the magnetron sputtering method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis indicate that the Ni/ZrCoCe stack film is composed of isolated columns. The film surface with cauliflower-like topography is formed among finely packed nanocrystals. Gas sorption investigation shows that the Ni/ZrCoCe stack film can be activated at 300 °C for 30 min and exhibits more favorable sorption capability than ZrCoCe bi-layered film. XPS results show that the Ni protective layer can play an important role in protecting the ZrCoCe film against oxidation. It can also improve the surface dissociation and diffusion of H2.

Susceptibility of Various Starch Granules to Amylases as Seen by Scanning Electron Microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fuwa ◽  
Y. Sugimoto ◽  
M. Tanaka ◽  
D. V. Glover
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Scanning Electron

Preparation and Characterization of Enzymatically-Treated Granular Cassava Starch and Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1503-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamol Maikrang ◽  
Klanarong Sriroth ◽  
Kunruedee Sangseethong ◽  
Amnat Jarerat
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Porous Surfaces ◽  
Starch Blends ◽  
Scanning Electron

Raw cassava starch was treated with α-amylase and amyloglucosidase in aqueous solution under annealing condition to obtain starch granules with rough and porous surfaces. Many different pits and pores formed by the activity of the enzymes on the surface granules and were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained starch granules with rough surfaces were mechanically blended with poly(butylenes adipate-co-terephthalate)(PBAT) at different ratios by using a single screw extruder. The results showed that the samples comprised of enzymatically treated starch blends had higher elongation than those comprised of untreated starch blends. At 10% starch content, the treated starch/PBAT blend had about 37.55% more elongation than the untreated starch/PBAT blend. This resulted in the improved compatibility of the starch granules and PBAT matrix in the blends as confirmed by SEM.

The Mechanisms on the Transmittance and Photo-Catalytic Activity of TiO2 Film Doped with SiO2/PEG

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 435-438
Author(s):  
Wen Wen Dou ◽  
Guo Wei Huang ◽  
Yu Chao Niu ◽  
Xiao Li Wang ◽  
Xiang Ju Liu
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
The Self ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Photo Catalytic Activity ◽  
Antireflective Films ◽  
Scanning Electron

TiO2sol was doped with SiO2and modified by adding PEG. Using the sol the self-cleaning antireflective films were prepared with dip-pulling method. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) test results showed that the TiO2-SiO2film surface distributed a large number of pores and grooves. The visible spectrophotometer testing found that the transmittance showed a decreasing trend with the increase of TBTT: TEOS ratio. Meanwhile, the photo-catalytic efficiency showed an increase firstly and then decreased with the TBTT: TEOS ratio increasing. When the ratio of TBTT: TEOS was 1:5, the films transmittance and the photo-catalytic efficiency can reach up to 97.1% and 13.5% respectively. The mechanisms on the transmittance and photo-catalytic activity of PEG-modified TiO2-SiO2films were studied. It was found that PEG-modified TiO2-SiO2films have higher porosity, transmittance and hydrophilicity than pure TiO2film. Furthermore, photo-catalytic activity of the TiO2-SiO2film was enhanced.

ETUDE COMPARATIVE DE LA DURETE DU BLE DE PRINTEMPS LAVAL-19 ET DES BLES Triticum aestivum

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
L. KAMARA ◽  
A. BOUDREAU ◽  
F. CASTAIGNE
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Protein Matrix ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Packed Structure ◽  
Scanning Electron

The examination of ultra-thin sections by the scanning electron microscope was performed comparing spring wheat Laval-19 with several types of wheat of increasing hardness (Yorkstar, Concorde and Neepawa) using both whole kernels and the corresponding flours. The hardness properties of each type of wheat was determined using an Instron Tensile Testor. In hard wheats, we observed a tightly packed structure showing little or no air space in the endosperm. The adhesion between proteins and starch granules was strong enough to break the starch granule rather than to separate at the interface. The soft wheats appeared to have a much looser structure with many intergranular air spaces and no broken starch granules. The microscopy of the flours illustrated the integrity of the starch-protein matrix in the hard flours and a mixture of free starch granules, free protein, and small aggregates of protein and starch in soft flours. The Instron measurements were in agreement with the microscopic examination and both techniques indicated clearly the differences in hardness between soft and hard, leaving the spring wheat Laval-19 a type of wheat intermediary between soft and hard.

scholarly journals Effect of blanching on the physicochemical characteristics and microstructure of canistel seed flour (Pouteria Campechiana (Kunth) Baehni)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (07) ◽  
pp. 17063-17080
Author(s):  
L Amalia ◽  
◽  
RHB Setiarto ◽  
T Fitrilia ◽  
S Masyrifah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Polarization Microscopy ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Seed Flour

Canistel seeds are part of the residues of Canistel fruit which can be used as functional foods, such as flour to be processed into various foods. This research was aimed at determining the physicochemical properties of canistel seed flour. Canistel seed was made into flour with two treatments; they were Blanched Canistel Seed Flour (BCSF) (at 80oC for 10 minutes)and Unblanched Canistel Seed Flour (UCSF). The flour process involves sorting, washing, treatment, stripping the shell and epidermis, washing again, drying, flaking and sieving.Physical analysis carried out included yield (by difference method), white degree of spectrophotometric reflectance method (Chromatometer), starch gelatinization profile using Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA), the morphology of starch granules using polarization microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Chemical analysis conducted on the BCSF and UCSF samples included proximate,amylose, amylopectin and starch content. Blanching at 80°C for 10 minutes had a significant effect on the physical properties of Canistel seed flour;yields were higher (41.6%) and chromatometric (colour) levels were lower (80.61). Pasting properties profile showed that UCSF had higher peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity but lower setback viscosity compared with the BCSF.Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)and polarized light microscope showed starch granule structure changed due to the blanching. The appearance of starch granules on UCSF shows a tight starch granule. The appearance of starch granules on BCSF shows blanching treatment has changed the shape of the starch granules to be broken or damaged. The unblanched canistel seed flour (UCSF)showed that the starch granule still had birefringence appearance. This shows that the granule structures of the UCSF remained undamaged. Observation of the morphology of starch granules using polarization microscopy on BCSFshowed the starch granule was not visible and there was no appearance of birefringence. The loss of birefringence indicates that the starch granules had been damaged due to heating or hydrolysis. Chemical analyses on the samples showed significantly higher amylose content (24.79) but lower amylopectin content (31.39) in BCSF than UCSF.Starch, fat and carbohydrates contents were not significantly different (p>0.05) between BCSF and UCSF.Ash and protein content were significantly higher (p>0.05) in UCSF compared to the BCSF. Blanching of canistel seed flour reduces the swelling power of starch granules, increases retrogradation, accelerates thickening, decreases nutrition content, and changes microstructure of Canistel seed flour

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