Production and Characterization of Porous Starch Granule and Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blend as a Bio-Composite

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1513-1521
Author(s):  
Sirirat Thothong ◽  
Klanarong Sriroth ◽  
Rattana Tantatherdtam ◽  
Amnat Jarerat
Keyword(s):  
Starch Granule ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Granular Starch

To improve the miscibility of native rice starch granules and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)(PBAT), rice starch was hydrolyzed by a mixture of α-amylase and amyloglucosidase. The obtained porous rice granular starch was then mechanically blended with PBAT by single screw extruder. Many pits and holes on the surface of starch granules were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rough surface of the rice starch granules improved the compatibility of the polymers in the blends, which consequently increased the tensile strength and the elongation at break. In addition, SEM also revealed that the porous granules were homogeneously distributed in the polymer matrix with no appearance of gaps.

Preparation and Characterization of Enzymatically-Treated Granular Cassava Starch and Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1503-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamol Maikrang ◽  
Klanarong Sriroth ◽  
Kunruedee Sangseethong ◽  
Amnat Jarerat
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Porous Surfaces ◽  
Starch Blends ◽  
Scanning Electron

Raw cassava starch was treated with α-amylase and amyloglucosidase in aqueous solution under annealing condition to obtain starch granules with rough and porous surfaces. Many different pits and pores formed by the activity of the enzymes on the surface granules and were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained starch granules with rough surfaces were mechanically blended with poly(butylenes adipate-co-terephthalate)(PBAT) at different ratios by using a single screw extruder. The results showed that the samples comprised of enzymatically treated starch blends had higher elongation than those comprised of untreated starch blends. At 10% starch content, the treated starch/PBAT blend had about 37.55% more elongation than the untreated starch/PBAT blend. This resulted in the improved compatibility of the starch granules and PBAT matrix in the blends as confirmed by SEM.

The Effect of Silane on the Biomechanical Properties of PEEK/HA Composite

2015 ◽  
Vol 1125 ◽  
pp. 426-431
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ramli Rashidi ◽  
Mat Uzir Wahit ◽  
M.R. Abdullah ◽  
Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
U937 Cell ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Bioactive Composites

Bioactive composites containing Polyetheretherketone / Hydroxyapatite (PEEK/HA) were prepared using nanomixer single screw extruder and injection molding. The loading of HA in PEEK matrix was made at different concentrations ranging from 10 wt% to 30 wt%. HA was treated with (3-Aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane, coupling agent, and compared to untreated HA in PEEK/HA composite to evaluate the changes in the biomechanical properties and cytotoxicity. The biomechanical properties including elongation at break and impact properties were assessed. Cell proliferation test was also performed with U937 cell line in the silane treated and untreated PEEK/HA composite. The results showed that silane coupled PEEK-HA had in general improved biomechanical properties than untreated HA and did not show cytotoxicity in vitro.

Multifilament yarns of polyoxymethylene/poly(lactic acid) blends produced by a melt-spinning method

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 294-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weraporn Pivsa-Art ◽  
Sommai Pivsa-Art
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Multifilament Yarns

Multifilament yarns of polyoxymethylene (POM) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends were prepared using a melt-spinning method. The ratios of the POM/PLA fibers studied were 10/90, 30/70, 50/50, 70/30, and 10/90 by weight compared with that of the pure polymers. The extrusion of the dry blend polymers was carried out using a single-screw extruder at 180–210℃ with a winding speed of 800 m/min. The thermal and morphological analysis of the multifilament yarn confirmed the phase separation of the two polymers. However, the mechanical properties of the blends showed excellent elongation at break, which confirmed the good distribution of PLA in the POM matrix. POM/PLA with weight ratios of 70/30 and 90/10 showed high tenacity. The elongation of the POM/PLA blends shows excellent results, which is unusual for polymer blends with phase separation.

AA-MMA Prepolymer Grafted LLDPE as Compatibilizer for Starch-PE Blends

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 170-173
Author(s):  
Li Min Tai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Compatibilization Effect ◽  
Scanning Electron

Through the graft copolymerization of LLDPE and the AA-MMA prepolymer by reactive extrusion on the single-screw extruder, the LLPE-g-AA-MMA was prepared and used as compatibilizer for starch/PE blends, and then the compatibilization effect was investigated. The results exhibited that the addition of this compatibilizer substantially improved the mechanical properties, especially the tensile strength. Scanning electron micrographs of the blend specimens also supported the above observations.

Spinning and Characterization of Silica/Polypropylene Nanocomposite Fibers

2012 ◽  
Vol 545 ◽  
pp. 335-341
Author(s):  
Natee Srisawat ◽  
Manit Nithitanakul ◽  
Kawee Srikulkit
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Nanocomposite Fiber ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Nanocomposite Fibers ◽  
Effective Reinforcement

The preparation of nanocomposite resins by solution (toluene) mixing was conducted, aiming at disaggregating silica agglomerates down into primary nanoparticles. The obtained nanocomposite resin was spun into monofilament fibers using ThermoHaake® single screw extruder. The characterizations including morphological analyses (SEM and AFM) and crystallization profile (DSC). AFM images revealed that silica particles having nanoscale sizes were evenly distributed on the surface. The presence of silica nanoparticles resulted at higher crystallization temperature (Tc) of the nanocomposite fiber when compared to those of neat fiber. As a result, the shrinkage resistance of the nanocomposite fibers was significantly improved due to an effective reinforcement. The surface hydrophobicity of the nanocomposite fibers was found higher than neat fiber due to an increase in surface roughness arising from the presence of nanoparticles on the surface.

Investigation of Mixing Performance in the Extruder with Embedded Planetary-Screws

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 2809-2816
Author(s):  
Liang He ◽  
Bai Ping Xu ◽  
Hui Wen Yu ◽  
Xiao Long Wang ◽  
Gang Xue
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Mixing Performance ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Laminar Mixing ◽  
Single Screw Extruders ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Screw Extruders

The novel geometrical configuration of embedded planetary-screws is proposed in the paper. The corresponding numerical simulation and the experimental investigation are carried out to characterize the mixing performance. Adopting commercial software FLUENT, the simplified physical model is presented with the boundary conditions imposed by UDF codes which are developed by us. Compared with the traditional single screw extruder, the flow and mixing are primarily investigated by using particle tracking technology. The sensitivity to initial positions is found in the novel screw configuration, which is caused by the periodic perturbation of planetary-screws. In contrast, the traditional laminar mixing occurs in single screw extruders. Compared with the traditional twin screw extruder, the experimental characterization of filled system of adding active nanometer CaCO3 into LLDPE matrix is conducted. No obvious difference in dispersion of CaCO3 is found when the extrusion samples are observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), on the condition that the both extrusion outputs are equal. The shear rate in the novel screw configuration is relatively smaller, and the extrusion characteristic is more excellent.

Effect of Hydroxyapatite Reinforced High Density Polyethylene Composites on Mechanical and Bioactivity Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Rasyidi Husin ◽  
Mat Uzir Wahit ◽  
Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir ◽  
Wan Aizan Wan Abd. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Sbf Solution

The biomaterial composites consisting of a polymer with a matrix addition of particulate bioactive phase that analogous to the bone microstructure had been extensively studied as a substitute for human’s hard and soft tissues. In this work, HA reinforced HDPE composite (HDPE/HA) was made, with HA contents being up to 50 phr using single screw extruder nanomixer for the compounding process, and later followed by the injection moulding. These characteristics of the HDPE/HA composites were examined using various techniques including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile testing. Mechanical and thermal properties of the composite are differed when the amount of HA incorporated into the composite were varied. It is shown that HA particles were well dispersed and homogeneously distributed within the HDPE matrix. The elastic modulus and tensile strength were increased when the HA volume percentage increased from 10 phr to 50 phr with corresponding decreases in elongation at break. However no significant influence on thermal stability was found with increasing HA loadings. The enhancement of bioactivity has been proved while incorporation of HA into HDPE composite. SEM-EDX image showed the bulk formation of apatite layers on the composite surface with 30 wt% HA after 7 days immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. These results suggest the great potential of the composites for a range of temporary application in which bone bonding ability is a desired property.

scholarly journals Toughness Enhancement of Commercial Poly (Hydroxybutyrate-co-Valerate) (PHBV) by Blending with a Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU)

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 1640008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer González-Ausejo ◽  
Estefania Sánchez-Safont ◽  
Luis Cabedo ◽  
Jose Gamez-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Essential Work ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Essential Work Of Fracture ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Partition Method ◽  
Toughness Enhancement ◽  
Work Of Fracture

Poly(hydroxyl butyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) is a biopolymer synthesized by microorganisms that is fully biodegradable with improved thermal and tensile properties with respect to some commodity plastics. However, it presents an intrinsic brittleness that limits its potential application in replacing plastics in packaging applications. Films made of blends of PHBV with different contents of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were prepared by single screw extruder and their fracture toughness behavior was assessed by means of the essential work of fracture (EWF) Method. As the crack propagation was not always stable, a partition method has been used to compare all formulations and to relate results with the morphology of the blends. Indeed, fully characterization of the different PHBV/TPU blends showed that PHBV was incompatible with TPU. The blends showed an improvement of the toughness fracture, finding a maximum with intermediate TPU contents.

Characterization of plasticizing process of single screw extruder with grooved melting zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Chen ◽  
Yonghui Cui ◽  
Suwei Wang ◽  
Ping Xue ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melting Zone ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Single Screw Extruder

Influence of Citric Acid on the Properties of Glycerol-Plasticised Cornstarch Extrusion Blends

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Ning ◽  
Yu Jiugao ◽  
Han Chunmei
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
High Tensile Strength ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Electron

Melt extrusion was used to prepare glycerol-plasticised dry thermoplastic starch (DTPS) in a single-screw extruder. Glycerol combined with water-plasticised starch (TPS) was studied as a standard. Citric acid (CA) was used to accelerate the plasticization of DTPS. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that residual granules existed in DTPS and the plasticisation of DTPS could be enhanced by CA. Rheological studies proved that CA decreases the shear viscosity and improves the fluidity of TPS and DTPS. It was also proved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy that starch and glycerol could form strong hydrogen bonds in the presence of CA. With increasing CA content, the rigid and fragile DTPS materials became more flexible, with a high tensile strength. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis proved that CA could decrease the glass transition temperature of TPS and increase the interaction between glycerol and starch. Finally, the water absorption of DTPS and TPS were also measured.

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