Microstructure and Anti-Friction Effect of Ball-Milled Expanded Graphite

2013 ◽  
Vol 704 ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Friction Effect ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Transmission Electron

Expanded graphite (EG) was ball-milled in a high-energy mill (planetary-type) under an air atmosphere. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The anti-friction effect of milled EG used as lubricating additive was investigated. After ball-milling, the relatively ordered graphene planes of original EG become deformed, and the d002 spacing becomes broadened. The milled EG used as lubricating additive have an anti-friction effect, and the effect is more marked than that of original EG.

High Temperature Tribological Behavior of Ball Milled Expanded Graphite/Iron Powders

2012 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
pp. 278-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Wang ◽  
Yong Guo ◽  
Shu Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Iron Powders ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Friction Effect ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Milled Powders

A mixture of expanded graphite (EG) and iron powders was ball-milled in a high-energy mill. The milled EG/Fe powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The tribological behavior of the milled powders used as lubricating additive was investigated by using a tribo-tester. The results show that the milled powders used as lubricating additive have an obvious anti-friction effect, and the more large the applied temperature, the more marked the anti-friction effect.

Anti-Friction Effect of Ball-Milled and Subsequently Annealed Expanded Graphite/Iron Powder Mixture

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
Yu Shan Li
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Iron Powders ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Friction Effect ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Vacuum Atmosphere ◽  
Better Than

A mixture of expanded graphite (EG) and iron powders was ball-milled in a high-energy mill under an air atmosphere and subsequently annealed under a vacuum atmosphere. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and their anti-friction effect used as lubricating additive was investigated by using a tribo-tester. On the surface of the products, graphite encapsulated iron nanoparticles with a size range of 50-150 nm were formed. Compared with only milled EG/Fe powders, the products exhibit a higher crystallinity of graphite and iron. The products have a marked anti-friction effect, and this effect is better than that of the only milled EG/Fe powders.

Phase Amorphization during High-Energy Milling of Mixtures of Zirconia with Yttria or Ceria Powders

2005 ◽  
Vol 498-499 ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Muccillo ◽  
L. Franchi ◽  
J.T. Santos ◽  
I.C. Cosentino ◽  
E.N.S. Muccillo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Energy Milling ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Strontium Ferrites

Strontium ferrites powders were obtained by high energy milling process after calcinations of iron oxide and barium carbonate. Phase formations and crystallite size was determined using X-ray diffraction. Morphology, particle size and agglomeration stages were analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Results show particles in the range of 14 to 40 nanometers, large agglomerates and crystalline phases formation.

Nanostructure Evolution Evolution of Expanded Graphite during High-Energy Ball-Milling and Subsequently Annealing

2014 ◽  
Vol 552 ◽  
pp. 331-334
Author(s):  
Zhi Guo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Vacuum Atmosphere ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Crystallization Degree

Expanded graphite (EG) was ball-milled in a high-energy mill (planetary-type) under an air atmosphere and subsequently annealed under a vacuum atmosphere. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the ball-milling decreases the crystallization degree of EG, however, the subsequent annealing improves the crystallization degree of the ball-milled EG.

The structural transformation of anatase TiO2 by high-energy vibrational ball milling

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchitra Sen ◽  
M. L. Ram ◽  
S. Roy ◽  
B. K. Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Milled Powder ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pressure Phase

The structural transformation of anatase TiO2 by high-energy vibrational ball milling was studied in detail by different analytical methods of x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This structural transformation involves both phase transition and nanoparticle formation, and no amorphization was observed. The crystallite size was found to decrease with milling time down to nanometer size ∼13 nm and approaching saturation, accompanied by phase transformation to metastable phases, i.e., TiO2(II), which is a high-pressure phase and TiO2(B), which was identified in ball-milled powder reported for the first time in this paper. These phases eventually started transforming to rutile by further milling.

Amorphization mechanisms of NiZr2 by ball-milling

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 688-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Galy ◽  
L. Chaffron ◽  
G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Amorphous Phase ◽  
Shear Waves ◽  
Nanocrystalline Structure ◽  
Nanocrystalline Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

The microstructure of NiZr2 in the course of amorphization by ball-milling is studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The evolution from the initial fully crystalline alloy to a fully amorphized material is described. It is shown that prior to amorphization, the powder aggregates achieve a 100% nanocrystalline structure; the amorphous phase then appears and develops to the expense of the nanocrystalline phase. No massive chemical disordering is observed, but a small amount cannot be ruled out. It is proposed that amorphization occurs by chemical disordering at interfaces, induced by the scattering of shear waves.

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