Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Tri-n-octylmethyl-ammonium Methyl Carbonate

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 263-271
Author(s):  
Kui Fang Zhang ◽  
Zuo Ying Cao ◽  
Gui Qing Zhang ◽  
Lian Sheng Xiao ◽  
Xiao Zhou Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Methyl Carbonate

The tri-n-octylmethyl-ammonium methyl carbonate was synthesized via a high pressure process with tri-n-octylamine(tri-C8) and dimethyl carbonate(DMC) in the catalysis of tri-n-octylmethyl-ammonium bromine, and its chemical structure was confirmed using FTIR spectroscopic analysis. The influence of reactants molar ratio, reaction temperature, solvent, catalyst and reaction time on the quaternization reaction were examined, and the optimal conditions were that dimethyl carbonate(DMC):tri-n-octylamine(tri-C8)=5.6:1(molar:molar), methanol:tri-n-octylamine (tri-C8)=1:2 (volume:volume), catalysts 5% of the weight of reactant mixtures(materials fraction), reaction temperature 110°C and reaction time 8 h. Under the optimum conditions, the highest conversion rate of tri-n-octylamine(tri-C8) could reach 99.57%. A type of SO42- quaternary ammonium salt was prepared by the reaction between the product and H2SO4, and its properties on extracting vanadium in the feed solution from autoclave-soda leach solution of stone coal was researched, demonstrating that with 8% the type of SO42- quaternary ammonium salt(QAS) and 5% sec-octyl alcohols dissolved in 87% sulphonated kerosene as extractant (volume fraction), the saturated loading capacity for V2O5 reaches 14.32 g/L.

Characterization and Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Salt of Chitosan by Open-Loop Method of Epoxy Derivatives

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 969-974
Author(s):  
Sheng Zhao Gong ◽  
Jian Hua Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Thermal Stabilities

Quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan (HACC) was synthesized by the reaction of chitosan(CTS) and 2, 3-epoxypropyltrimethyl- ammonium chloride(GTA) in isopropanol. The influence factors of the degree of substitution of synthetic reaction, such as the molar ratio of reactants, the reaction time, temperature and so on were discussed by single factor experiments.The results showed that the optimal conditions for the preparation were nGTA: nCTS=4:1, the reaction time 8h, the reaction temperature 75°C, the reaction pH value 7, the alkalization time 14h, the molecular weight of chitosan 320000g/mol, the moisture of reaction system 20%. The structures of HACC and CTS were characterized by infrared spectrum, the appearances of morphology of HACC and CTS were researched by scanning electron microscopy, the thermal stabilities of HACC and CTS were studied by thermogravimetry. The results showed that the substitution reaction mainly occurs on the N element, modified derivatives had significant changes in appearance and size, and lower thermal stability.

Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Salt from Rosin and its Inhibition to some Wood Decay Fungi

2011 ◽  
Vol 685 ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jin ◽  
Shu Jun Li ◽  
Tao Liang ◽  
Zhi Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gloeophyllum Trabeum ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Many pine trees could secrete oleo-resin when they were wounded. The oleo-resin was a mixture of turpentine and rosin. After evaporation of volatile turpentine, rosin remained and covered the wound to protect wood from fungi and insects. From this point, rosin protects wood naturally. However, rosin is not bioactive against most wood decay fungi. In this report, a bioactive rosin derivated, quaternary ammonium salt (QAS), was synthesized and its bioactivity against some wood decay fungi was tested. Firstly, the rosin was esterified by epoxy chloropropane with the mole ratio of 1:2, the reaction time of 3.5h at 90°C. The intermediate was 3-rosin acyloxy-2- hydroxypropyl chlorine. Then, the intermediate reacted with demethylamine to produce N-(3-rosin acyloxy- 2-hydroxyl) propyl-N, N dimethylamine at the following conditions: their mole ratio of 1:2, reaction temperature of 80°C and reaction time of 2.5h. Finally, the N-(3-rosin acyloxy-2-hydroxyl) propyl-N, N dimethylamine was quaternized by epoxy chloropropane with the mole ratio of 1:1, the reaction time of 3h at 90°C, and the yield was 72.8%. The chemical structure of the product was identified by FTIR and 1H NMR. The QAS content of the product was characterized by gravimetric analysis with sodium tetraphenylborate as its precipitation reagent, and liquid chromatography analysis (LC) analysis. The antifungal activity of the product was determined by paper-disc method with wood decay fungi such as Trametes versicolor, Gloeophyllum trabeum and wood stain fungi such as Aspergillus niger and Paecilomyces variot Bainier. The anti-fungal experiment results signified that the QAS of rosin is active to these fungi, especially Gloeophyllum trabeum. Since it is produced easily from rosin, which is renewable and not expensive, QAS of rosin could be a potential wood preservative. Further study is planning.

Performance of Immobilized Quaternary Salt Catalysts in the Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate from Propylene Carbonate and Methanol

2007 ◽  
Vol 124-126 ◽  
pp. 1753-1756
Author(s):  
Kyung Hoon Kim ◽  
Young Son Choe ◽  
Hye Young Ju ◽  
Dae Won Park ◽  
Sang Wook Park
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Quaternary Salt ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Pressure ◽  
Good Catalytic Activity ◽  
Initial Reactivity ◽  
Considerable Loss ◽  
Mcm 41

The synthesis of dimethyl carbonate(DMC) was investigated using four differently supported quaternary ammonium salt catalysts to facilitate their separation after the reaction. The different catalysts are (1) C1 on poly(ST-co-VBC), (2) C2 on poly(ST-DVB-VBC), (3) C3 on macroporous poly(ST-DVB-VBC), (4) C4 on modified MCM-41. The synthesis of DMC was performed in an autoclave under carbon dioxide pressure. The main byproduct was propylene glycol. The immobilized quaternary ammonium salt catalysts showed good catalytic activity for the synthesis of DMC. The order of the reactivity for the catalysts of different support was C1>C3>C2>C4. The catalysts can be reused for four successive runs without considerable loss of their initial reactivity.

scholarly journals Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from dimethyl carbonate and glycerol using CaO derived from eggshells

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanichaya Praikaew ◽  
Worapon Kiatkittipong ◽  
Kunlanan Kiatkittipong ◽  
Navadol Laosiripojana ◽  
Navin Viriya-empikul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Carbonate Production

Waste eggshell is proposed as a highly active catalyst for glycerol carbonate production from dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and glycerol. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst loading on the reaction performance were investigated in order to find a suitable operating condition. CaO derived from waste eggshell exhibits catalytic activity comparable to commercial CaO. By using CaO eggshell, glycerol conversion of 96% can be achieved within 90 min of reaction time under 2.5:1 feed molar ratio of DMC to glycerol, 0.08 mole ratio of CaO to glycerol and reaction temperature of 60°C. The catalyst was examined by XRD, TGA/DSC, SEM, N2 adsorption-desorption and Hammett indicators method. Utilization of eggshell as a catalyst for glycerol carbonate production not only provides a cost-effective and value-added of waste eggshell as a green catalyst, but also decrease amount of waste and its treatment cost which is ecologically friendly.

Catalyst- and oxidant-free electrochemical para-selective hydroxylation of N-arylamides in batch and continuous-flow

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 6437-6443
Author(s):  
Cheng-Kou Liu ◽  
Meng-Yi Chen ◽  
Xin-Xin Lin ◽  
Zheng Fang ◽  
Kai Guo
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Selective Hydroxylation

A catalyst-, oxidant-, acidic solvent- and quaternary ammonium salt-free electrochemical para-selective hydroxylation of N-arylamides at rt in batch and continuous-flow was developed.

Synthesis and Performance of Polyoxy-ethylene Ester Quaternary Ammonium Salt

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Qiang Sun ◽  
Wen-Jing Li ◽  
Wan-Xu Wang ◽  
Qiu-Xiao Li ◽  
Wieslaw Hreczuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
And Performance
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