scholarly journals Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from dimethyl carbonate and glycerol using CaO derived from eggshells

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanichaya Praikaew ◽  
Worapon Kiatkittipong ◽  
Kunlanan Kiatkittipong ◽  
Navadol Laosiripojana ◽  
Navin Viriya-empikul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Carbonate Production

Waste eggshell is proposed as a highly active catalyst for glycerol carbonate production from dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and glycerol. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst loading on the reaction performance were investigated in order to find a suitable operating condition. CaO derived from waste eggshell exhibits catalytic activity comparable to commercial CaO. By using CaO eggshell, glycerol conversion of 96% can be achieved within 90 min of reaction time under 2.5:1 feed molar ratio of DMC to glycerol, 0.08 mole ratio of CaO to glycerol and reaction temperature of 60°C. The catalyst was examined by XRD, TGA/DSC, SEM, N2 adsorption-desorption and Hammett indicators method. Utilization of eggshell as a catalyst for glycerol carbonate production not only provides a cost-effective and value-added of waste eggshell as a green catalyst, but also decrease amount of waste and its treatment cost which is ecologically friendly.

scholarly journals Utilization of Glycerol for Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis via Transesterfication Reaction over Bio-Char Catalyst prepared from reed plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
Shafaa Dhyaa Mohamed ◽  
Muthana J. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Glycerol Utilization ◽  
Industry Sustainability

Biodiesel production process was attracted more attention recently due to the surplus quantity of glycerol (G) as a byproduct from the process. Glycerol Utilization must take in to consideration to fix this issue also, to ensure biodiesel industry sustainability. Highly amount of Glycerol converted to more benefit material Glycerol carbonate (GC) was one of the most allurement compound derived from glycerol by transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Various parameters have highly impact on transesterification was investigated like catalyst loading (1-5) %wt., molar ratio of DMC: glycerol (5:1 – 1:1), reaction time (30 - 150) min and temperature (40 – 80) ᴼC. The Optimum glycerol carbonate yield (YGC) and glycerol conversion (XG) was obtained 94.2% and 94.5% respectively at catalyst loading 5% wt., temperature 70ᴼC, DMC:G ratio 5:1 and 120 min. GC has large scale of uses such as liquid membrane in gas separation, surfactants ,detergents , blowing agent , in plastics industry, in  Pharmaceutical industry and electrolytes in lithium batteries.

Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate by Transesterification of Glycerol with Dimethyl Carbonate over Mg-Al Mixed Oxides Supported on MCM-41

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
Gong De Wu ◽  
Xiao Li Wang ◽  
Zhi Li Zhai ◽  
Ao Yun Cao
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Mcm 41

The Mg-Al mixed oxides were deposited on the MCM-41 via the coprecipitation followed by thermal decomposition and characterized by many techniques. In the transesterification of glycerol (GL) with dimethyl carbonate (DMC), the resulting supported catalysts exhibited much higher catalytic performance than the pure Mg-Al mixed oxides, which was ascribed to the increased basicity. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the obtained data showed that at DMC/glycerol molar ratio of 3:1, catalyst loading of 0.3 g and reaction temperature of 373 K, the glycerol conversion and glycerol carbonate yield from the process was 98.7 % and 92.5%, respectively.

scholarly journals Application of corncob residue-derived catalyst in the transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate to synthesize glycerol carbonate

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Wang ◽  
Jianye Wang ◽  
Patrick U. Okoye ◽  
Shuang Chen ◽  
Xinshu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Structural Investigation ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
High Basicity

Corncob was calcined within a temperature range of 300 °C to 700 °C to prepare a series of corncob residue catalysts for the transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to synthesize glycerol carbonate (GC). Among the catalysts, the corncob residue catalyst obtained through calcination of corncob at 500 °C (CCR-500) showed a relatively high basicity and satisfactory catalytic activity. The structural investigation results indicated that CCR-500 was composed of carbon material and some alkaline mineral salts. Using CCR-500 as the catalyst, a glycerol conversion of 98.1% and a GC yield of 94.1% were achieved when the reaction was performed at 80 °C for 90 min, with a catalyst amount of 3 wt% and glycerol to DMC molar ratio of 1:3. The comparison of CCR-500 with the reported catalysts indicated that the CCR-500 was a low-cost, high-active, and easily-accessible catalyst for the transesterification of glycerol with DMC.

scholarly journals β-Cyclodextrin-Calcium Complex Intercalated Hydrotalcites as Efficient Catalyst for Transesterification of Glycerol

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1307
Author(s):  
Guanhao Liu ◽  
Jingyi Yang ◽  
Xinru Xu
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Collision Probability ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Basic Strength

β-cyclodextrin derivative intercalated MgAl-hydrotalcites (β-CD-Ca/LDH) was synthesized to convert glycerol into high value-added glycerol carbonate(GC) by transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and glycerol in this paper. β-cyclodextrin-metal complexes and β-CD-Ca/LDH was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, XPS and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. The enrichment of organic reactants in the hydrophobic cavity of β-cyclodextrin improved the collision probability of reactants. The intercalation of β-cyclodextrin-calcium complex (β-CD-Ca) increased the pore size and basic strength of catalyst. The experiment results showed that the glycerol conversion was 93.7% and the GC yield was 91.8% catalyzed by β-CD-Ca/LDH when the molar ratio of DMC and glycerol was 3:1, the catalyst dosage was 4 wt.%, the reaction temperature was 75 °C and the reaction time was 100 min while the glycerol conversion was 49.4% and the GC yield was 48.6% catalyzed by MgAl-LDH under the same conditions.

Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Tri-n-octylmethyl-ammonium Methyl Carbonate

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 263-271
Author(s):  
Kui Fang Zhang ◽  
Zuo Ying Cao ◽  
Gui Qing Zhang ◽  
Lian Sheng Xiao ◽  
Xiao Zhou Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Methyl Carbonate

The tri-n-octylmethyl-ammonium methyl carbonate was synthesized via a high pressure process with tri-n-octylamine(tri-C8) and dimethyl carbonate(DMC) in the catalysis of tri-n-octylmethyl-ammonium bromine, and its chemical structure was confirmed using FTIR spectroscopic analysis. The influence of reactants molar ratio, reaction temperature, solvent, catalyst and reaction time on the quaternization reaction were examined, and the optimal conditions were that dimethyl carbonate(DMC):tri-n-octylamine(tri-C8)=5.6:1(molar:molar), methanol:tri-n-octylamine (tri-C8)=1:2 (volume:volume), catalysts 5% of the weight of reactant mixtures(materials fraction), reaction temperature 110°C and reaction time 8 h. Under the optimum conditions, the highest conversion rate of tri-n-octylamine(tri-C8) could reach 99.57%. A type of SO42- quaternary ammonium salt was prepared by the reaction between the product and H2SO4, and its properties on extracting vanadium in the feed solution from autoclave-soda leach solution of stone coal was researched, demonstrating that with 8% the type of SO42- quaternary ammonium salt(QAS) and 5% sec-octyl alcohols dissolved in 87% sulphonated kerosene as extractant (volume fraction), the saturated loading capacity for V2O5 reaches 14.32 g/L.

Esterification of glycerol with acetic acid using a sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide non-woven fabric as a catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyang Li ◽  
Jiao Zhang ◽  
Yunfei Song ◽  
Yanhong Ji ◽  
Mohammad Younas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Polyphenylene Sulfide ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Good Catalytic Activity ◽  
Reaction Cycles

AbstractIn this work, the esterification of glycerol with acetic acid (HOAc) was investigated under sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide non-woven fabric (SPSF) as a solid catalyst. The effects of the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, molar ratio of glycerol to HOAc and the reaction time on the esterification were studied in detail. It was found that SPSF has good catalytic activity and stability. Under the reaction conditions of the molar ratio of glycerol/HOAc of 1:6 (glycerol 0.1 mol), the reaction temperature of 110 °C, the amount of catalyst of 3 g, and the reaction time of 2 h, the glycerol conversion and the selectivity to diacetin (DAG) reached upto 96 and 56.1%, respectively. Reusability test of SPSF showed that no significant declination in the glycerol conversion and the selectivity was observed after five reaction cycles. The experimental results proved the esterification of glycerol with HOAc by SPSF a promising and green process.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Hydrotalcites from Waste Steel Slag with [Bmim]OH Intercalated for the Transesterification of Glycerol Carbonate

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4355
Author(s):  
Guanhao Liu ◽  
Jingyi Yang ◽  
Xinru Xu
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Stability

Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcites were prepared by coprecipitation from Type S95 steel slag of Shanghai Baosteel Group as supports of ionic liquid in this paper. Five basic ionic liquids [Bmim][CH3COO], [Bmim][HCOO], [Bmim]OH, [Bmim]Br and ChOH were prepared and their catalytic performance on the synthesis of glycerol carbonate by transesterification between dimethyl carbonate and glycerol was investigated. The characterization results indicated that [Bmim]OH is the best ionic liquid (IL) for the transesterification reaction of glycerol carbonate. The hydrotalcites before and after intercalation by ionic liquid were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS and the IL were characterized by FT-IR, 13C-NMR and basicity determination via the Hammett method. The analysis results implied that the dispersion of [Bmim]OH in hydrotalcites reduced the alkali density appropriately and facilitated the generation of glycerol carbonate. The yield of glycerol carbonate and the conversion rate of glycerol reached 95.0% and 96.1%, respectively, when the molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate and glycerol was 3:1, the catalyst dosage was 3 wt%, the reaction temperature was 75 °C and the reaction time was 120 min. The layered structure of hydrotalcites increased the stability of ionic liquid intercalated in carriers, thus the glycerol conversion and the GC yield still remained 91.9% and 90.5% in the fifth reaction cycle.

scholarly journals Process and Energy Intensification of Glycerol Carbonate Production from Glycerol and Dimethyl Carbonate in the Presence of Eggshell-Derived CaO Heterogeneous Catalyst

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4249
Author(s):  
Wanichaya Praikaew ◽  
Worapon Kiatkittipong ◽  
Farid Aiouache ◽  
Vesna Najdanovic-Visak ◽  
Kanokwan Ngaosuwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Frictional Heat ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Mass Transfer Limitation ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Carbonate Production ◽  
Magnetic Stirrer

The process and energy intensifications for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate (GC) from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) using an eggshell-derived CaO heterogeneous catalyst were investigated. The transesterification reaction between glycerol and DMC was typically limited by mass transfer because of the immiscible nature of the reactants. By varying the stirring speed, it was observed that the mass transfer limitation could be neglected at 800 rpm. The presence of the CaO solid catalyst made the mass transport-limited reaction process more prominent. Mass transfer intensification using a simple kitchen countertop blender as an alternative to overcome the external mass transfer limitation of a typical magnetic stirrer was demonstrated. A lower amount of the catalyst and a shorter reaction time were required to achieve 93% glycerol conversion or 91% GC yield, and the turnover frequency (TOF) increased almost 5 times from 1.5 to 7.2 min−1 when using a conventional magnetic stirrer and countertop blender, respectively. In addition, using a simple kitchen countertop blender with 7200 rpm, the reaction temperature of 60 °C could be reached within approximately 3 min without the need of a heating unit. This was the result of the self-frictional heat generated by the high-shear blender. This was considered to be heat transfer intensification, as heat was generated locally (in situ), offering a higher homogeneity distribution. Meanwhile, the trend toward energy intensification was promising as the yield efficiency increased from 0.064 to 2.391 g/kJ. A comparison among other process intensification techniques, e.g., microwave reactor, ultrasonic reactor, and reactive distillation was also rationalized.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol and Dimethyl Carbonate Catalyzed by Solid Base Catalyst Derived from Waste Carbide Slag

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jianye Wang ◽  
Zhu Wang ◽  
Haifeng Liu ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Yifeng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Carbide Slag ◽  
Calcination Method

Na2CO3 was loaded onto waste carbide slag (CS) by impregnation-calcination method to prepare the solid base catalyst, which was used to synthesize glycerol carbonate (GC) by the transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The prepared catalysts were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunner−Emmet−Teller (BET) techniques. The catalyst 15 wt.% Na2CO3-CS-800, which was prepared by impregnating CS to the Na2CO3 solution with the concentration of 15 wt.% weight of CS and calcined at 800°C for 3 hours, showed an excellent catalytic ability. When it was applied in the catalytic synthesis of GC, 98.1% glycerol conversion and 96.0% GC yield were achieved in 90 mins at 75°C with the catalyst dosage of 3 wt.% to total reactants and the DMC to glycerol molar ratio of 5. More importantly, the loading of Na2CO3 can effectively improve the reusability of catalyst. The 15 wt.% Na2CO3-CS-800 can still achieve 83.6% glycerol conversion and 80.5% GC yield after five-time reuse. Meanwhile, under the same reaction conditions, the CS-800, which was obtained by calcining CS at 800°C for 3 hours, experienced significant activity reduction with only 15.2% glycerol conversion and 14.1% GC yield after five-time reuse. FTIR and XRD characterization revealed that CO32- might play a key role in preserving active catalytic CaO component by forming protective CaCO3 shell on the catalyst surface.

scholarly journals Kinetics Modeling of Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis from Glycerol and Urea over Amberlyst-15 Catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
Hary Sulistyo ◽  
Sabariyanto Sabariyanto ◽  
Muhammad Noor Ridho Aji ◽  
Muhammad Mufti Azis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Green Solvent ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Amberlyst 15

Synthesize of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea is an attractive path as glycerol carbonate has a large potential as a green solvent. The aim of the present study was to develop a kinetic model of glycerol carbonate synthesis with amberlyst-15 resins as a catalyst. The investigation was carried out at various temperatures from 353 to 383 K and catalyst loading from 0.25 to 1 wt.% of glycerol. The experimental results indicated that both temperature and catalyst loading have an important effect on the glycerol conversion. According to the experimental result, the highest glycerol conversion was found 36.90% which was obtained using a molar ratio of urea to glycerol 1:3, catalyst loading of 1 wt.%, stirrer speed of 700 rpm, the temperature of 383 K and reaction time of 5 h. A kinetic model was developed based on elementary steps that take place over the catalyst. The model estimated that the pre-exponential factor was 2.89.104 mol.g–1.min–1 and the activation energy was 50.5 kJ.mol–1. By comparing the simulation and experimental data, it could be inferred that the model could predict the trend of experimental data well over the range of temperature and catalyst loading investigated in the present study.

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