Fire Protection Aspects of Low-Energy Buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 543-551
Author(s):  
Lajos Gábor Takács
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Passive House ◽  
Timber Frame ◽  
Low Energy Buildings ◽  
Passive Houses ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Thermal Insulations

Structures of low energy buildings and passive houses are different from traditional buildings: thick thermal insulations often made of combustible materials -, lightweight skeleton frame loadbearing structures, timber frame constructions are common. Based on laboratory tests of lightweight building products, building structure design principles and the first fire events in passive houses, this article summarizes the main fire protection problems of passive house structures and gives recommendations for appropriate construction of these houses in fire protection aspects.

Key Technologies and Trends of Passive Buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 1859-1862
Author(s):  
Li Zhong Shi ◽  
Ye Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Passive House ◽  
Green Building Materials ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Low Energy Buildings ◽  
Passive Houses

In recent years, ‘passive house’ is an increasingly well-known word, and has gained rapid popularity and application in Europe and other developed countries. Currently, residential passive house is growing at 8% annually in Europe. With its low energy consumption and ultra-high comfort, it is acclaimed as the most promising energy-saving substitute of conventional residences of this century. The passive houses in Hamburg Germany use 75% less energy than the normal low-energy buildings, more than 90% less than conventional German buildings [1]. As reported by the National Conference of Green Building Materials and German Passive House Technology held from 22nd to 25th April 2014, passive house will certainly become the mainstream building in the country in the next three to five years.

scholarly journals Passivhaus

Encyclopedia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Alejandro Moreno-Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Building Design ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Passive House ◽  
Low Energy Buildings

Passivhaus or Passive House buildings are low-energy buildings in which the design is driven by quality and comfort, hence achieving acceptable levels of comfort through post-heating or post-cooling of fresh air. Additionally, Passivhaus building design follows the Passivhaus design criteria, as described in the Passive House Planning Package (PHPP). This article aims to introduce the Passivhaus background, development, and basic design principles. Finally, it also presents a brief description of the performance of Passivhaus buildings.

scholarly journals A prospective Study on the Evolution of Airtightness in 41 low energy Dwellings

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 05005
Author(s):  
Stijn Verbeke ◽  
Amaryllis Audenaert
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Low Energy Buildings ◽  
Construction Type ◽  
Passive Houses ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Pressurisation Test

Airtightness of the building envelope is an important parameter affecting the performance of (low energy) buildings. In case the airtightness is effectively measured, this is typically only done once as part of the commissioning of the construction work. Several factors could affect the evolution of the airtightness of the envelope after the building is constructed. In this work, follow-up airtightness tests have been carried out to investigate the evolution of the performance in the interval of 0.5 up to 12 years compared to the original pressurisation test. The results on 41 low-energy dwellings indicate that the airtightness is indeed not a fixed value over time. Of the 41 buildings, 29 display an increased air permeability resulting in an increase of up to 200% in relative terms or up to 1.36 ACH50 (air changes per hour at 50 Pa pressure difference [h-1]). Conversely, four of the buildings in the dataset show a significant improvement of the airtightness; resulting in a decrease of air leakage of up to -1.19 ACH50. Analysis of the data shows that on average the air permeability at 50 Pa pressure difference increased by 38%, but with great variation depending multiple factors such as initial airtightness value and construction type. This corresponds to an average increase of the specific air permeability of the building envelope of 0.15 m³/(h·m²). Most of the buildings under analysis are low energy buildings or passive houses which were very airtight at time of construction. Despite the observed evolution in air permeability, many buildings under investigation can still be considered sufficiently airtight a few years after initial construction.

Comparison of Thermal Bridges Calculate Method through Typical Details in Low Energy Designing

2013 ◽  
Vol 855 ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
Peter Buday ◽  
Rastislav Ingeli ◽  
Boris Vavrovič
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Low Energy Buildings ◽  
High Thermal Resistance ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Thermal Bridges ◽  
Thermal Insulations ◽  
The Impact

There are several studies that have investigated transmission heat transfer losses, through building envelopes including thermal bridges. Most of the studies investigate the effect of different calculation and simulation methodologies, such as static/dynamic and 1D/2D/3D. It is essential to minimize heat losses in designing phase in accordance of building energy efficiency. Building envelopes with high thermal resistance are generally typical for low-energy buildings. In this sense thermal bridges impact increases by using of greater thickness of thermal insulation. s mentioned earlier, different measuring methods may be used to quantify building elements. This paper is focused on comparison of thermal bridges calculate method through typical systems details in buildings. The impact of thermal bridges was studied by comparative calculations for a case study of building with different amounts of thermal insulation. The calculated results represent a percentage distribution of heat loss through typical building components in correlation of various thicknesses of their thermal insulations.

scholarly journals A Tool for Optimal Refurbishment Design of Low-Energy Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 2042 (1) ◽  
pp. 012164
Author(s):  
I Salerno ◽  
M F Anjos ◽  
K McKinnon ◽  
E S Mazzucchelli
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Optimization ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Passive House ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Low Energy Buildings ◽  
Study Case

Abstract We propose a model that aims to fulfill the following three necessities: the demand for refurbishing the existing built environment, the lack of a reliable means to help architects navigate among the numerous possible solutions for low-energy constructions, and the need for a multi-function tool to analyze buildings as complex systems. We introduce the Optimal Refurbishment Design (ORD) model that is a novel tool to help architects with the refurbishment of an existing building or the design of a new one. The ORD shows four innovative aspects. First, it opens the way to passive building design while focusing on affordable solutions. Second, its core component is based on mathematical optimization. Third, it simultaneously outputs optimal thermal mass and insulation of all the required elements in the building. Fourth, it automatically accounts for the user’s needs and local regulations. Unlike most of the approaches in the Literature, the ORD’s outputs are not limited by any pre-defined set of materials or strategies. We tested the ORD using a realistic study case of refurbishment, and found that the renovated house achieved the energy consumption of a Passive House by lowering its annual heating/cooling consumption by 23% with a payback period of less than 5 years.

Geographical aspects of the diffusion of passive houses

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kozma ◽  
E. Molnár ◽  
K. Czimre ◽  
J. Pénzes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Passive House ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Passive Houses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Over Time

Abstract In our days, energy issues belong to the most important problems facing the Earth and the solution may be expected partly from decreasing the amount of the energy used and partly from the increased utilisation of renewable energy resources. A substantial part of energy consumption is related to buildings and includes, inter alia, the use for cooling/heating, lighting and cooking purposes. In the view of the above, special attention has been paid to minimising the energy consumption of buildings since the late 1980s. Within the framework of that, the passive house was created, a building in which the thermal comfort can be achieved solely by postheating or postcooling of the fresh air mass without a need for recirculated air. The aim of the paper is to study the changes in the construction of passive houses over time. In addition, the differences between the geographical locations and the observable peculiarities with regard to the individual building types are also presented.

Editor's Note: Uncertainty in Fire Protection

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-216
Author(s):  
Paul R. DeCicco
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
In Fire
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