Estimation of the Generation Rate of H· Radicals in a Megasonic Field Using an Electrochemical Technique

Radical formation and detection in aqueous solutions under acoustic irradiation are important during wet cleaning processes in semiconductor industries. Oxidizing radicals such as hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals have been widely studied and characterized using fluorescence and chemiluminescence methods. Hydrogen radicals, which are strongly reducing in nature, have not received much attention. In this study, the rate of hydrogen radical generation in a megasonic field (0.93 MHz) was measured using an electrochemical technique. Specifically, the method is based on the reduction of cupric ions to cuprous chloride complex by the hydrogen radicals in the presence of an excess of chloride ions. This is followed by chronoamperometric determination of the oxidation of cuprous chloride complex back to cupric ions. Hydrogen radical generation rate was measured at different megasonic power densities.

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Paints and varnishes. Guidelines for the determination of anticorrosive properties of organic coatings by accelerated cyclic electrochemical technique

10.3403/30252543 ◽

2014 ◽

Keyword(s):

Organic Coatings ◽

Electrochemical Technique

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Selectivity coefficients of some simple and complex inorganic ions for Spheron DEAE

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19842349 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 49 (10) ◽

pp. 2349-2354 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

František Vláčil ◽

Karel Koňák

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Mobile Phase ◽

Dynamic Method ◽

Precious Metals ◽

Inorganic Ions ◽

Chromatographic Determination ◽

Chloride Ions ◽

Chloro Complexes ◽

Selectivity Coefficients

The selectivity coefficients of the nitrate and chloride ions and of anionic chloro complexes of Au(III), Rh(III), Pd(II), and Pt(IV) for ion exchange on Spheron DEAE in the chloride form are determined by the dynamic method. the complex anion species formed are identified and the ion exchange nature of the sorption of precious metals on this sorbent is confirmed based on the elution order of the precious metals as determined previously by the column chromatography on Spheron DEAE using hydrochloric acid as the mobile phase. The effect of the presence of perchlorate in the mobile phase during the liquid chromatography of precious metals and during the chromatographic determination of nitrate traces is explained.

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Low-Temperature Post-Oxidation Annealing Using Atomic Hydrogen Radicals Generated by High-Temperature Catalyzer for Improvement in Reliability of Thermal Oxides on 4H-SiC

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.527-529.999 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 527-529 ◽

pp. 999-1002

Author(s):

Junji Senzaki ◽

Atsushi Shimozato ◽

Kenji Fukuda

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Atomic Hydrogen ◽

High Reliability ◽

Hydrogen Atmosphere ◽

Exposed Sample ◽

New Apparatus ◽

Hydrogen Radical ◽

Hydrogen Radicals ◽

Sic Wafer

Low-temperature post-oxidation annealing (POA) process of high-reliability thermal oxides grown on 4H-SiC using new apparatus that generates atomic hydrogen radicals by high-temperature catalyzer has been investigated. Atomic hydrogen radicals were generated by thermal decomposition of H2 gas at the catalyzer surface heated at high temperature of 1800°C, and then exposed to the sample at 500°C in reactor pressure of 20 Pa. The mode and maximum values of field-to-breakdown are 11.0 and 11.2 MV/cm, respectively, for the atomic hydrogen radical exposed sample. In addition, the charge-to-breakdown at 63% cumulative failure of the thermal oxides for atomic hydrogen radical exposed sample was 0.51 C/cm2, which was higher than that annealed at 800°C in hydrogen atmosphere (0.39 C/cm2). Consequently, the atomic hydrogen radical exposure at 500°C has remarkably improved the reliability of thermal oxides on 4H-SiC wafer, and is the same effect with high-temperature hydrogen POA at 800°C.

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Sodium Lauryl Sulfate in Egg Whites

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/50.4.847 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 847-849

Author(s):

John Wiskerchen

Keyword(s):

Chloride Solution ◽

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ◽

Collaborative Study ◽

Egg White ◽

Chloride Complex ◽

Bromphenol Blue ◽

Lauryl Sulfate ◽

Benzethonium Chloride ◽

Alkyl Sulfates

Abstract A method is given for the quantitative determination of sodium lauryl sulfate in liquid, frozen, powdered, or flake-dried egg white. The egg white is dissolved in water and the protein is precipitated with ethanol and filtered off. The filtrate is evaporated, the residue is dissolved in water, and the pH is adjusted to 5.0. Total alkyl sulfates are titrated with standard benzethonium chloride solution in the presence of chloroform with bromphenol blue indicator. Results are calculated as sodium lauryl sulfate. The formation of the bromphenol bluebenzethonium chloride complex, when excess benzethonium chloride is present, is taken as the end point. The blue-green complex is soluble in the chloroform. Overall recoveries of sodium lauryl sulfate from egg whites ranged from 94 to 100%. Collaborative study of the method is recommended.

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Determination of Cuprous Chloride

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition ◽

10.1021/i560150a019 ◽

1946 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 136-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lewis F. Hatch ◽

Reedus Ray Estes

Keyword(s):

Cuprous Chloride

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Molecular non-thermal excitation spectrometry (MONES): a procedure for the determination of non-metals using diatomic molecules in the non-thermal (FANES) atomiser. Part 1. Determinations of fluoride and chloride ions by magnesium fluoride and magnesium chloride MONES. Plenary lecture

Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry ◽

10.1039/ja9870200533 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 533 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Klaus Dittrich ◽

H. Fuchs

Keyword(s):

Magnesium Chloride ◽

Diatomic Molecules ◽

Chloride Ions ◽

Plenary Lecture ◽

Magnesium Fluoride ◽

Thermal Excitation

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Determination of Partial Proton Conductivity in Fluorite-Type Oxides Using Electrochemical Technique

ECS Meeting Abstracts ◽

10.1149/ma2021-031260mtgabs ◽

2021 ◽

Vol MA2021-03 (1) ◽

pp. 260-260

Author(s):

Takuya Yamaguchi ◽

Tomohiro Ishiyama ◽

Haruo Kishimoto ◽

Katherine Develos Bagarinao ◽

Katsuhiko Yamaji

Keyword(s):

Proton Conductivity ◽

Electrochemical Technique ◽

Fluorite Type

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Determination of the neutralization depth of concrete under the aggressive environment influence

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20183302010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 02010 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anastasia Morzhukhina ◽

Stanislav Nikitin ◽

Elena Akimova

Keyword(s):

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Chloride Ions ◽

The Body ◽

Chemical Plants ◽

Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽

Load Bearing Capacity ◽

High Rise ◽

Capacity Loss ◽

Air Penetration

Aggressive environments have a significant impact on destruction of many reinforced concrete structures, such as high-rise constructions or chemical plants. For example, some high-rise constructions are equipped with a swimming pool, so they are exposed to chloride ions in the air. Penetration of aggressive chemical substances into the body of concrete contributes to acceleration of reinforced concrete structure corrosion that in turn leads to load bearing capacity loss and destruction of the building. The article considers and analyzes the main technologies for calculating penetration depth of various aggressive substances into the body of concrete. The calculation of corrosion depth was made for 50-year service life.

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