RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONE CROP SIZE AND CONE DAMAGE BY INSECTS IN RED PINE SEED-PRODUCTION AREAS

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Pine Cones ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Cone Damage

AbstractAnnual cone abundance and insect damage to cones are highly variable in red pine seed-production areas. Cone crop size fluctuates almost unpredictably from year to year, but the number of insect-attacked cones tends to increase annually unless limited by cone abundance. Sixty-six per cent of the variation in cone damage can be associated with variations in cone abundance. This information, coupled with the fact that red pine cone insects are almost entirely dependent on red pine cones for food, implies that crop size is highly important in regulating populations of cone insects. Insects will be most devastating in areas where crop size varies little from year to year.

Insects Affecting Seed Production in Red Pine: IV. Recognition and Extent of Damage to Cones

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
Cone Damage

The broad study of factors responsible for poor seed production by red pines (Pinus resinosae Ait.) in central and southern Ontario has been concerned with the seed production capacity and efficiency of sound cones (1) and the description, life history, behaviour, and natural control of cone-inhabiting insects (2, 3, 4). The present contribution, which concludes the four-part series on red pine cone insects, deals with the time and duration of cone attack by the various insect species and the variability in the intensity of cone damage from year to year and from one locality to another. As an aid to the field diagnosis of the cause of cone damage, keys based on the appearance of mature larvae and injured cones are included.

THE SEED PRODUCTION CAPACITY AND EFFICIENCY OF RED PINE CONES (PINUS RESINOSA AIT.)

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
First Year ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Pine Cones

The seed capacity of red pine cones varies from about 30 to over 110, depending on the size of the cone and its position in the tree crown, and is determined by the number of ovules that are structurally complete at the time of pollination. These ovules occur in a central "productive" region and constitute less than one-half of the total. The remaining ovules, most: of which are in the proximal part of the cone, never become structurally perfect, and do not contribute to seed production. Abortion of ovules in the productive region usually reduces seed production efficiency to 50–60%, and is accompanied mainly by withering of the nucellus in the first year and failure to produce archegonia early in the second year. The extent of ovule abortion during the first year varies indirectly with cone size, seed capacity, and height in tree.

scholarly journals Consistency of Cone Production in Individual Red Pine

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Stiell
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Production Area

A plantation of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) produced heavy cone crops in 1970 and 1984. Established at 6.5 × 6.5 m, the stand was 18-years old in 1970 and still open-grown; crowns were closed before 1984. Cone production at the two dates was compared for 28 trees. While total production was similar for 1970 and 1984, distribution within the sample differed. Although 18% of the trees maintained their rank in 1984, some large changes in production ranking took place from one crop to the next. Despite a tendency at both dates for crop size to increase with current dbh, exceptions were evident and the largest trees did not necessarily bear the most cones. Crop size in 1970 was the variable most closely associate with 1984 crop size and was significantly correlated with it independently 1984 dbh. High cone production did not seem to depress tree growth, based on a comparison of 1970-72 basal area increment of more versus less prolific cone bearers. Before a stand has borne its first good cone crop, expectations for highest yields would have to be based on tree size. For subsequent crops, previous production by individuals would be the best guide. The two top cone bearers far surpassed all others in both crop years and would be the first individuals selected for seed trees in a seed production area.

Insects Affecting Seed Production in Red Pine: II. Dioryctria disclusa Heinrich, D. abietella (D. and S.), and D. cambiicola (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pine Cones ◽  
Seasonal History

This paper describes the seasonal history and habits of three borers of the genus Dioryctria that destroy red pine cones in Ontario. These insects, as a group, generally rank second in importance as cone destroyers to the cone beetle, Conophthorus resinosae Hopk., which was the subject of the first paper in this series (11), and are presented together because of their family relationship and the similarity of their habits.

A COMPARISON BETWEEN CONOPHTHORUS SHOOT-INFESTING BEETLES AND CONOPHTHORUS RESINOSAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): II. RECIPROCAL HOST AND RESIN TOXICITY TESTS; WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 1016-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. McPherson ◽  
F. W. Stehr ◽  
L. F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Pine Cones ◽  
A New Species

AbstractBehavioral differences between a Conophthorus beetle attacking jack pine shoot tips and the red pine cone beetle, C. resinosae Hopkins, were studied. In field experiments the red pine cone beetle attacked cones and shoots of both pines but preferred cones over shoots and red pine cones over jack pine cones. The jack pine tip beetle attacked both jack pine and red pine snoots, but no progeny appeared in red pine shoots. In laboratory tests, the red pine cone beetle survived equally well in vapors of simulated red and jack pine shoot resin, while the jack pine tip beetle survived best in the jack pine resin vapor. The jack pine tip beetle is described as a new species, Conophthorus banksianae McPherson.

Insects Affecting Seed Production in Red Pine: III. Eucosma monitorana Heinrich, Laspeyresia toreuta Groté (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), Rubsaamenia sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), and Other Insects

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Seasonal History

This paper describes the seasonal history and habits of the less important red pine cone insects, and presents notes on the predators, scavengers, and other insects that commonly inhabit infested cones. During 1950-1954, Eucosma monitorana Hein., Laspeyresia toreuta Groté, and Rubsaamenia sp. were rarely as abundant as the cone beetle, Conophthorus resinosae Hopk., (10) or Dioryctria spp. (11), although they contributed significantly to seed loss. Owing to the scarcity of these insects, some of the life history details remain incomplete.

Natural establishment of Pinus spp. around seed production areas and orchards

2021 ◽  
Vol 494 ◽  
pp. 119333
Author(s):  
Magda Paula dos Santos ◽  
Marcio José de Araujo ◽  
Paulo Henrique Müller da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Natural Establishment ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Production Areas

scholarly journals Avian Fruit Removal: Effects of Fruit Variation, Crop Size, and Insect Damage

Ecology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1711-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Jordano
Keyword(s):  
Insect Damage ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Crop Size

Seed cone traits and insect damage in Tsuga canadensis (Pinaceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean J Turgeon ◽  
Chuck Jones ◽  
M Isabel Bellocq
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Tsuga Canadensis ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
First Report ◽  
Seed Cone ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Maximum Proportion ◽  
Sterile Seed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Filled Seeds

We measured seed cones of Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière, assessed seed potential (number of fertile scales × 2) and seed efficiency (number of filled seeds/seed potential), and estimated the impact of Eupithecia mutata Pearsall (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) and Megastigmus hoffmeyeri Walley (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) on seed production. Mean length, width, and volume of healthy cones varied little among sites from Ontario. Cones had about 28 scales; 13 were sterile. Seed potential and seed efficiency differed among sites, ranging from 25 to 31 ovules and 24% to 72%, respectively. The number of scales (both sterile and fertile) increased with cone volume, but the proportion of fertile scales was independent of cone size. The maximum proportion of cones infested by E. mutata was 21%. On average, each larva destroyed >90% of the filled seeds from each cone, thus from a practical perspective, the proportion of T. canadensis seeds destroyed per site was equivalent to the proportion of seed cones infested. The proportion of cones infested by M. hoffmeyeri ranged from 9% to 40%, but the proportion of seeds destroyed per site (range: 1.1%–6.1%) was much lower than that of E. mutata. The maximum number of M. hoffmeyeri-infested seeds per cone was seven. To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting cone traits of T. canadensis and the impact of E. mutata and M. hoffmeyeri.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document