The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. V. The Predacious Thrips Haplothrips faurei Hood

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. MacPhee
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mite Eggs

Lord (1949) listed the predators of the European red mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch.), in Nova Scotia and described the effects of a number of chemicals on them. Among the more important predators is the thrips Haplothrips faurei Hood. This thrips, however, does not confine its feeding to European red mite eggs but readily attacks the eggs of many other mites and insects. There is strong evidence that it is one of the most important biotic factors in the natural control of insect and mite pests in Nova Scotia apple orchards. It and another species, Leptothrips mali (Fitch), are the only thrips of economic significance, and H. faurei, because of its greater numbers, is the more important. A description of the life-history of L. mali was given by Bailey (1940), who also (1939) studied the biology of another thrips, Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Perg.), which is of minor importance in Nova Scotia. The only other predacious thrips found is a species bclieved to be Zygothrips minutus Uzel, which occurs only rarely and in small numbers. Haplothrips subtilissimus Hal. (later identified as H. faurei), was found by Putman (1942) in Ontario to be predacious on phytophagons mites and the eggs of oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta Busck.

THE INFLUENCE OF SPRAY PROGRAMS ON THE FAUNA OF APPLE ORCHARDS IN NOVA SCOTIA: XX. TRENDS AFTER ALTERING LEVELS OF PHYTOPHAGOUS MITES OR PREDATORS

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Sanford ◽  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Typhlodromus Pyri ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Predacious Species

AbstractUtilizing the knowledge of their direct effects, the materials ryania, carbaryl, and Animert V-101 applied to a uniformly distributed population of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), altered the populations in plots in an apple orchard. Trends after treatment in both host mite and predator populations were assessed. Supplementary applications of the acaricides Animert V-101 or dicofol directed against certain generations of P. ulmi controlled outbreaks and altered the faunal levels during the following season. Ryania was largely innocuous to most species of predators with the exception of Atractotomus mali (Meyer) and Diaphnocoris spp., carbaryl was detrimental to most predacious species, and Animert V-101, while selectively toxic to phytophagous mites, was innocuous to all predacious insects and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten.Phytophagous mite populations may be altered to almost prescribed levels with pesticides when the predator populations are known. This allows selective chemicals to be used to complement the predator effect and maintain red mites below the threshold of damage.

Effects of Increasing the Nitrogen Level of Apple Leaves on Mite and Predator Populations

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 924-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Lord ◽  
D. K. R. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Population Balance ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Predacious Species

Prior to 1950 the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi Koch, was a major pest in Nova Scotia apple orchards, and brown mite, Bryobia arborea M. and A., was practically non-existent. Lord (1949), showed that the sulphur fungicides, commonly in use up to that time, were detrimental to some of the predacious species and toxic to the brown mite. After 1950 red mite populations became negligible and, although the brown mites increased, they did not become sufficiently abundant to cause economic damage. This shift of population balance in Nova kotia orchards has been attributed to the gradual replacement of sulphur and other detrimental materials by pesticides less harmful to predators of the mites (Pickett 1953).

NOTES ON THE PREDACEOUS THRIPS HAPLOTHRIPS SUBTILISSIMUS HAL. AND AEOLOTHRIPS MELALEUCUS HAL.

1942 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM. L. Putman
Keyword(s):  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
European Red Mite

During a study of the predators of the oriental fruit moth (Grapholitha molesta Busck), the thrips Haplothrips subtilissmus (Hal.) was found destroying the eggs of the moth and also those of European red mite (Paratetranychus pilosus C. & F.).

RANGE OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA, IN APPLES AND PEACHES IN ONTARIO

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Dustan
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractSurveys in unsprayed apple orchards indicated that the oriental fruit moth, whose principal hosts are peach and apple, does not occur in continuing populations on apple beyond the range of commercial peach orchards in Ontario. Moths released in an apple orchard 25 mi from the nearest peach orchard did not result in an infestation after the first winter. High winter mortality due to low temperatures and the unsuitability of apple for the first generation of the moth probably are the main reasons it does not establish continuing infestation on apple alone.

The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. VI. Low Temperatures and the Natural Control of the Oystershell Scale, Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.) (Homoptera: Coccidae)

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 282-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Lord ◽  
A. W. MacPhee
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Ecological Principles

Some of the results of an attempt to apply ecological principles in the solution of apple insect control problems in Nova Scotia have been given in previous papers by Pickett et al. (1946), Lord (1947, 1949), Pickett (1952), and MacPhee (1952). Briefly, these studies aim at an understanding of the changes in the interrelations of the species in an orcl-lard when spray materials are added to the environment. The emphasis to date has heen placed on the effects of spray chemicals on the populations of entomophagous species. The results of this work have already had a marked effect on orchard insect control practices in Nova Scotia.

THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PARATETRANYCHUS PILOSUS C. & F. IN NOVA SCOTIA

1935 ◽  
Vol 13d (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Gilliatt
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Deciduous Fruit

Terminology, food plants, dispersion and economic importance of the European red mite, Paratetranychus pilosus C. & F., which affects deciduous fruit trees in America, are discussed. The mite, first observed in Nova Scotia in 1913, became of economic importance in 1925. The life history, obtained from an insectary and field study extending over a period of three years from 1930 to 1932, is recorded in detail. There are two complete generations and three partial generations in Nova Scotia. Fluctuations in temperature markedly affect mite development. Natural control of the winter eggs is important.

Laboratory Studies on Some Factors in the Life-history of the Predacious Mite Typhlodromus tiliae Oudms. (Acarina: Phytoseiidae)

1956 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 701-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Predacious Mites ◽  
Predacious Mite ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
History Of

Among the important predators of the European red mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch), in Nova Scotia is a group of predacious mites belonging to the subfamily Phytoseiinae. There is little information in the literature on the biology of the species in this subfamily. Smith and Summers (1949) reported on the bionomics of “Hypoaspis” macropilis (Banks), and Herbert (1952) and Ballard (1953) on the life-history of Typhlodromus fallacis (Garm.).

SEX RATIO OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE), IN APPLE ORCHARDS IN NOVA SCOTIA

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. 825-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert ◽  
K. P. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe number of male and female first generation Panonychus ulmi (Koch) were recorded from 13 apple orchards representing widely different levels of mite infestation on four different varieties. The average percentage of males was 27.5. Statistically significant differences were found among orchards, varieties, observers, and their interactions. No relationship between sex ratio and population density was evident.

Life-History of the European Red Mite

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 328-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Parent ◽  
A. A. Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Far East ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
City District ◽  
History Of ◽  
Serious Injury

Since 1945, the European red mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch) [=Paratetranychus pilosus (C. & F.)], has been one of the major pests in apple orchards in southwestern Quebec. Though it had been noted by Petch on fruit trees at Ville LaSalle, Que., in 1930 and at Lac Mégantic, Que., in 1931 it was not reported as causing serious injury to apple trees before July of 1945, when Beaulieu (1948) reported that it was responsible for the first important damage in a few orchards at Rougemont, Que. By 1946, infestations were general in the apple growing areas of southwestern Quebec and occurred as far east as the Quebec City district.

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